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'咖啡絕跡的日子逼近？專家預測 2050 年全球咖啡產地將消失一半'

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'2017-08-23 09:40:31'

'2017-08-23 09:42:53'

'107513'

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''

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NULL

'<div>
	<span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微軟雅黑, 黑體, Arial; font-size: 14px;">專業咖啡師交流 請關注咖啡工房(微信公衆號cafe_style )</span><br />
	<br />
	　　若先不論口味好壞，咖啡基本上是容易取得，且被視爲理所當然的存在。但會不會有一天再也沒有咖啡可以喝？你能想像就連到星巴克也沒咖啡可買嗎？</div>
<div>
	&nbsp;</div>
<div>
	　　這不是什麼末日預言，你我有生之年咖啡雖不至絕跡，不過據澳大利亞氣候研究組織 The Climate Institute 最新報告預測，因爲氣候變遷、全球暖化、旱災、暴雨等，全球咖啡產地將於 2050 年消失一半，未來咖啡將供不應求、價高珍貴。</div>
<div>
	&nbsp;</div>
<div>
	　　或許因爲隨便走出家門就能買到咖啡，不但方便且價格合理，讓你誤以爲問題還不嚴重，但其實早已迫在眉睫，看了 MUNCHIES 的報道你就能瞭解現況有多急切：</div>
<div>
	&nbsp;</div>
<div>
	　　目前全世界咖啡主要產自所謂的&ldquo;咖啡帶&rdquo;（bean belt） &mdash;&mdash; 鄰近赤道的熱帶產國，包含巴西、埃塞俄比亞、哥倫比亞、越南和印尼等。但由於氣候變遷使得溫度上升，改變了降雨分佈地區，現有咖啡產地將不再適合種植咖啡豆，甚至到了 2080 年，諸如精品咖啡界傳奇藝妓咖啡 （Geisha） 等野生品種可能全面滅絕。</div>
<div>
	&nbsp;</div>
<div>
	<img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/170823/3-1FR309410b55.png" style="width: 800px; height: 475px;" /></div>
<div>
	&nbsp;</div>
<div>
	　　▲全世界咖啡生產集中在&ldquo;咖啡帶&rdquo;（bean belt） ，也就是鄰近赤道的熱帶產國。</div>
<div>
	&nbsp;</div>
<div>
	　　星巴克、拉瓦扎 （Lavazza） 等連鎖咖啡巨擘也針對氣候劇變影響咖啡產量發出警告，但人們對咖啡需求量龐大，全世界每天平均喝掉二十幾億杯咖啡，並以每年 5% 的速度不斷增長。</div>
<div>
	&nbsp;</div>
<div>
	<img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/170823/3-1FR3094121121.jpg" style="width: 530px; height: 298px;" /><br />
	&nbsp;</div>
<div>
	&nbsp;</div>
<div>
	　　&ldquo;此時已是烏雲密佈，情況極度嚴重，氣候變遷短期內就會造成重大影響，這已經不再是什麼未來的事了，就是現在這個當下！&rdquo;意大利拉瓦扎咖啡代表 Mario Cerutti 在去年一場於米蘭舉行的咖啡與氣候高峯會上嚴肅說道。</div>
<div>
	&nbsp;</div>
<div>
	　　到底有多嚴重？</div>
<div>
	&nbsp;</div>
<div>
	　　澳大利亞 The Climate Institute 的報告指出：氣溫只要提高半度，就會&ldquo;使咖啡產量、風味和香氣產生劇烈變化&rdquo;，除此之外溫度上升也加重了作物疾病與蟲害。2012 年由於高海拔地區暴雨和不合季節的溫暖天氣，爆發了咖啡葉鏽病 （coffee leaf rust），摧毀了中美洲一半的咖啡豆，其中危地馬拉高達 85% 的作物被破壞殆盡。一種名爲咖啡果甲蟲的害蟲每年造成美金五億元虧損，原先多聚集於剛果與其他低海拔產區，曾一度受到控制，現在卻能在高海拔地區見到蹤影，且隨著氣溫上升可能會爆量增長。<img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/170823/3-1FR3094154911.jpg" style="width: 800px; height: 571px;" /></div>
<div>
	&nbsp;</div>
<div>
	　　這會是許多咖啡製造商的惡夢，尤其倚賴咖啡出口的危地馬拉、越南、尼加拉瓜、洪都拉斯等開發中國家將特別悽慘。2020 年，在墨西哥種植咖啡可能成爲歷史，2050 年尼加拉瓜的多數咖啡莊園將消失，咖啡大國巴西和坦桑尼亞未來數十年也同樣面臨嚴重損失。</div>
<div>
	&nbsp;</div>
<div>
	　　不過，某些損失或可由東非山區、新幾內亞、印尼和安地斯山脈等地新興產區的收成抵消，然而全世界約兩千五百萬的咖啡農中，以自營小型農地爲主，對他們來說就算離開赤道，轉往其他高海拔地區發展幾乎不可能，因爲咖啡樹需要花費多年養育，多數農民沒有足夠資本或時間這麼做，他們目前已經在想辦法改種其他多元化作物，才能因應未來生活開銷。</div>
<div>
	&nbsp;</div>
<div>
	　<img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/170823/3-1FR309420HH.jpg" style="width: 620px; height: 372px;" /></div>
<div>
	&nbsp;</div>
<div>
	　　在事情走到盡頭前，仍有希望？某研究發現二氧化碳的攀升能提升咖啡豆生長量，不過編者認爲這實在諷刺，況且也不確定是否能補足目前流失的數量。此報道建議大家購買公平交易咖啡，並考慮別再喝（採用不可回收材質的）膠囊咖啡了。</div>
<div>
	<img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/170823/3-1FR3094221C3.jpg" style="width: 800px; height: 500px;" /></div>
<div>
	　　結論</div>
<div>
	&nbsp;</div>
<div>
	　　除了二氧化碳意外助長咖啡豆生長外，咖啡商與農人還能怎麼做？或許是拓展新的種植地，但也有研究顯示這樣將傷害更多雨林，另外則有人說要培育新種，世界上咖啡豆主要分爲三大原生種，以阿拉比卡豆種爲主，包含各種精品咖啡，另外則是常拿來做即溶咖啡、風味較苦澀的羅布斯塔豆與較少見的利比里亞豆，但是阿拉比卡較爲脆弱，易受害蟲和氣候侵襲，故也有人試著結合強健耐長的羅布斯塔，希望培育出既美味又能抵抗災害的品種，但沒人能保證何時能有成果。</div>
<div>
	&nbsp;</div>
<div>
	　　當然最根本的解決辦法是停止破壞環境，但這卻非一己之力能做到，工業、畜牧業等消耗自然資源的速度更快，但是若想想那些農民的無助，我們真的應該盡力從自身做起，節能減碳，並做個有意識的消費者。</div>
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    'dirname' => 'xingye/guangzhoukafeiguan',
    'pdirname' => 'kafeixinwen/xingye/',
    'child' => 0,
    'childids' => 303,
    'thumb' => '',
    'show' => '1',
    'setting' => 
    array (
      'edit' => 1,
      'disabled' => 0,
      'getchild' => 1,
      'linkurl' => '',
      'urlrule' => 3,
      'seo' => 
      array (
        'list_title' => '[第{page}頁{join}]{catpname}{join}{modname}{join}{SITE_NAME}',
        'list_keywords' => '',
        'list_description' => '',
      ),
      'template' => 
      array (
        'pagesize' => 20,
        'mpagesize' => 20,
        'page' => 'page.html',
        'list' => 'list.html',
        'category' => 'category.html',
        'search' => 'search.html',
        'show' => 'show.html',
      ),
      'cat_field' => '',
      'module_field' => '',
      'html' => 0,
    ),
    'displayorder' => '0',
    'acount' => '3',
    'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}/{M}{D}/{aid}.html',
    'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html',
    'mid' => 'article',
    'pcatpost' => 1,
    'topid' => '1',
    'domain' => '',
    'catids' => 
    array (
      0 => '303',
    ),
    'is_post' => 1,
    'mobile_domain' => '',
    'tid' => 1,
    'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-xingye/guangzhoukafeiguan.html',
    'total' => 3,
    'field' => 
    array (
    ),
  ),
  304 => 
  array (
    'id' => '304',
    'pid' => '3',
    'pids' => '0,1,3',
    'name' => '咖啡',
    'dirname' => 'guowaikafeiguan',
    'pdirname' => 'kafeixinwen/xingye/',
    'child' => 0,
    'childids' => 304,
    'thumb' => '',
    'show' => '1',
    'setting' => 
    array (
      'edit' => 1,
      'disabled' => 0,
      'getchild' => 1,
      'linkurl' => '',
      'urlrule' => 3,
      'seo' => 
      array (
        'list_title' => '[第{page}頁{join}]{catpname}{join}{modname}{join}{SITE_NAME}',
        'list_keywords' => '',
        'list_description' => '',
      ),
      'template' => 
      array (
        'pagesize' => 20,
        'mpagesize' => 20,
        'page' => 'page.html',
        'list' => 'list.html',
        'category' => 'category.html',
        'search' => 'search.html',
        'show' => 'show.html',
      ),
      'cat_field' => '',
      'module_field' => '',
      'html' => 0,
    ),
    'displayorder' => '0',
    'acount' => '1571',
    'namerule' => '{typedir}{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html',
    'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html',
    'mid' => 'article',
    'pcatpost' => 1,
    'topid' => '1',
    'domain' => '',
    'catids' => 
    array (
      0 => '304',
    ),
    'is_post' => 1,
    'mobile_domain' => '',
    'tid' => 1,
    'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-guowaikafeiguan.html',
    'total' => 1571,
    'field' => 
    array (
    ),
  ),
  305 => 
  array (
    'id' => '305',
    'pid' => '3',
    'pids' => '0,1,3',
    'name' => '著名咖啡館',
    'dirname' => 'xingye/zhumingkafeiguan',
    'pdirname' => 'kafeixinwen/xingye/',
    'child' => 0,
    'childids' => 305,
    'thumb' => '',
    'show' => '1',
    'setting' => 
    array (
      'edit' => 1,
      'disabled' => 0,
      'getchild' => 1,
      'linkurl' => '',
      'urlrule' => 3,
      'seo' => 
      array (
        'list_title' => '[第{page}頁{join}]{catpname}{join}{modname}{join}{SITE_NAME}',
        'list_keywords' => '',
        'list_description' => '',
      ),
      'template' => 
      array (
        'pagesize' => 20,
        'mpagesize' => 20,
        'page' => 'page.html',
        'list' => 'list.html',
        'category' => 'category.html',
        'search' => 'search.html',
        'show' => 'show.html',
      ),
      'cat_field' => '',
      'module_field' => '',
      'html' => 0,
    ),
    'displayorder' => '0',
    'acount' => '7',
    'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}/{M}{D}/{aid}.html',
    'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html',
    'mid' => 'article',
    'pcatpost' => 1,
    'topid' => '1',
    'domain' => '',
    'catids' => 
    array (
      0 => '305',
    ),
    'is_post' => 1,
    'mobile_domain' => '',
    'tid' => 1,
    'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-xingye/zhumingkafeiguan.html',
    'total' => 7,
    'field' => 
    array (
    ),
  ),
)

'/views-108282-[page].html'

''

'https://test.gafei.com/views-108282'

array (
  's' => 'article',
  'c' => 'show',
  'id' => '108282',
  'm' => 'index',
)