作者:咖啡沙龍網 來源:咖啡豆: 咖啡知識 > 咖啡技術 > 2025-04-30 18:14:09
通過一定的壓力讓鬆散的粉緊密, 以便讓加壓的熱水均勻滲透。在這裏, 會牽扯到幾個問題, 實際上, 再文縐縐地說, 是一個矢量的問題。 壓粉的方向, 還有壓粉力量的大小。
壓粉的方向:(可能比我們想象的複雜一些)
這是顯而易見的, 垂直向下。 如果壓斜了, 衝煮頭出來的高溫高壓熱水會尋求阻力最小的層面滲透, 造成萃取不均勻。 同時也容易有我們常說的通道效應。
這一點我需解釋不需要太多。 但關於壓粉方向問題,會間接牽扯到另一問題, 即布粉的問題(grooming)。
我們之所以要布粉, 最大一個原因自然是粉量的控制,即把粉量分佈平, 多餘的粉量刮掉,那麼每次一樣的動作, 是能保證粉量一致的。 其實還有另一個原因,就是將粉分佈均勻。因爲一個傳統的理論是,衝煮頭的水是均勻滲透的, 因此粉要平, 壓粉要平, 從而萃取就均勻。 (也有人認爲, 從衝煮頭出來的水最後會集中在一點, 因此壓粉錘需要是弧形的, 但經過試驗和盲測, 兩者沒有本質差距)
ok, 這是傳統的想法。 有些人不這麼認爲。
大家如果注意2008年Stephen Morrissey, 他實際上通過研磨機接粉後, 並沒有布粉。 當接粉堆出了一個錐形的小山後, 直接壓粉。這個做法,一直困擾着我。 即使和幾位同好討論, 也沒有確切的答案。但從coffeegeek 4月關於VST basket的發佈, 或多或少找到一些答案。
首先, 雖然我們出水是平均的,壓分也可以控制均勻分佈, 但一個很重要的硬件限制, 就是籃子。 首先看摘自coffeegeek的一個圖, 我們就可以看到, 絕大多數的basket 孔大大小小不一。
其次, 大家有機會看咖啡手柄的basket, 實際上孔的分佈並不是均勻的, 而是中心比較密集, 邊緣比較稀疏。換句話說, 中間被水滲透的機會要遠遠大約邊緣。這,或多或少可以解釋Stephen在比賽時候, 不均勻布粉的原因了。因爲當堆出一個山錐時候, 粉的大多數集中在basket中央, 這樣可以補償萃取不均勻的問題。
也正因爲這個發現, VST把自己的basket孔大小,和分佈都非常均勻。從而申請了專利 (http://www.coffeegeek.com/opinions/markprince/04-29-2011 )當然, 用了這個basket, 不布粉直接壓粉餅是不行的。 這也是新的basket在給coffeegeek實驗時, mark prince 不得不改變原先Stephen的做法。
壓粉的力量 (可能比我們想的要簡單)
最基本的問題力量多大,多少kg。 我以前聽過要25kg, 也聽說過意大利人視咖啡爲生命, 輕輕觸碰即可。
在解釋這個問題, 一個最基本的問題需要糾正一下。 力量應當是通過牛頓來描述。 並非咬文嚼字, 原因在後面解釋。
如果用牛頓來解釋,那麼我們首先轉化一下。 15kg是比較常用的描述,那麼轉化成牛頓單位, 則是15kg*9.8N/KG 也就是大約150N
下一步驟, 我們看一下9個大氣壓的水柱對咖啡粉餅產生多大的力量。
9個大氣壓意味着, 在單位平方米下, 產生相當於9個大氣壓的力量,也就是900KN/M^2
而我們一般的58mm直徑的粉餅面積則爲 (58/2/1000)^2*3.14 也就是大約0.00264平方米
那麼產生的壓力則爲 900*1000*0.00264即2380N
粉錘產生的150N和9個大氣壓的水流2380N相比, 明顯顯得微不足道了。
同時, 還有一個很重要的因素需要考量, 在2000年左右La Marzocco在設計Swift自動填充裝置時, 他們從2磅到30磅(也就是大約15kg)力量都做過實驗。 發現無論有多大的力量, 力量到了粉餅底部幾乎是不受力了。 這個好比汽車衝撞實驗, 車身的擠壓和變形本身就是吸收了能量的結果。
因此, 這兩點給我們得出的結論很簡單, 壓粉的力量大小並沒有太大關係, 只要把粉壓緊密即可。 同時每次壓粉力量保持一致更顯得重要。
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Tmall link:https://qianjieshipin.tmall.com
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2014-08-26 16:49:39 責任編輯:咖啡沙龍網
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title | '如何打出優秀的奶泡,並拉出咖啡味道平衡的卡布奇諾?' |
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description | '專業咖啡師交流 請關注咖啡工房(微信公衆號cafe_style ) 打出將咖啡的美味與特徵帶出的奶泡 萃取出適當的espresso之後,下一步是牛奶的發泡。 經由稱爲蒸氣機的機器將牛奶溫熱、並作出泡沫,就稱爲 打奶泡 。 優質的咖啡,與牛奶互相配合之後,能讓人感受' |
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content | '<div len="909"> <div> <span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微軟雅黑, 黑體, Arial; font-size: 14px;">專業咖啡師交流 請關注咖啡工房(微信公衆號cafe_style )</span><br /> <strong><span style="font-size:16px;"> <br /> 打出將咖啡的美味與特徵帶出的奶泡</span></strong></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">萃取出適當的espresso之後,下一步是牛奶的發泡。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">經由稱爲蒸氣機的機器將牛奶溫熱、並作出泡沫,就稱爲<a href="http://m.gafei.com/views-15792">打奶泡</a>。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">優質的咖啡,與牛奶互相配合之後,能讓人感受到"咖啡本身的甘甜"。 而卡布奇諾,並不是因爲牛奶而變甜,而是藉由牛奶,讓人能更加感受到"咖啡本身的甘甜"的一種飲品。 爲了引出這種甘甜與美味,須注意以下四點。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">1、牛奶的溫度</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">2、奶泡的綿密度</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">3、奶泡的量</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">4、牛奶的質地</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;"><strong>牛奶的溫度</strong></span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">牛奶的溫度即爲"以飲品來說容易飲用的溫度",以適度加溫過、讓人感覺享受的飲品爲基準。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">當喝到牛奶過度加熱的卡布奇諾,飲用時會感覺到"奶泡"與"液體"分離。 一開始喝到奶泡,之後又突然喝到了液體的感覺。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">雖然蒸過的液體的溫度會上升,奶泡,也就是泡=氣泡的集合體,再怎麼加熱都還是泡,也就是說,奶泡/空氣的溫度是不會上升的。 因此開始飲用時,奶泡並沒有那麼熱,但當你喝到了深處的液體,會有突然變熱的感覺,這就是產生分離感的原因。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">溫度太高時也會產生問題。 就是咖啡的苦味會變強。 當溫度過高,會變得難以感受到咖啡纖細的甘甜與觸感,取而代之的,便是作爲咖啡最容易被人瞭解的苦味,會變得很容易被察覺。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">當然,溫度過高時也有燙傷舌頭的危險。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">卡布奇諾最好喝就是剛做好的時候,因此做好隨即飲用是最爲推薦的飲用時間點。 此時的奶泡相當纖細,放置久了之後,液體與奶泡會漸漸分離,這樣獨特的口感與質感就會變得無法品嚐。 這就是不希望在高溫的狀態下提供給客人飲用的原因。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">卡布奇諾的"飲用時機",是在客人能夠馬上喝的溫度之下、讓客人感受液體與奶泡的一體感、也能感受到素材之一的咖啡所擁有纖細的甘甜。 這個溫度並不是經由溫度計來確認,而是靠聽覺等等的體感來進行。 打泡的過程中用手掌感覺溫度、也聽聽蒸氣發出的聲音吧。 溫度高的時候,聲音也會變高。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">手掌所感覺到的熱度、蒸氣的聲音、蒸奶時間的長度... 操控這些因素之下做出的卡布奇諾會是什麼味道呢。 訓練的時候就必須每一次每一次地進行確認。 反覆進行這些操作,就能找出牛奶的最適溫度。</span></div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" len="466"> <tbody len="451"> <tr len="347"> <td len="310"> <span style="font-size:16px;"><img len="0" src="/uploads/allimg/171219/3-1G21910291L18.jpg" style="border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; width: 800px; height: 488px;" /></span></td> </tr> <tr len="83"> <td len="27"> <div> <a href="http://m.gafei.com/views-15792" style="font-size: 16px;">打奶泡</a><span style="font-size:16px;">時使用手掌感覺溫度。 以蒸氣時的聲音也能預測溫度。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">奶泡的綿密度</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">細緻的奶泡,是給予卡布奇諾絕妙的口感與觸感的重要要素,對於拿鐵拉花也是爲了製作出美麗的外觀所不可或缺的。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">請見以下的照片。 照片1是完成度高的奶泡的例子。 在燈光下熠熠生輝、氣泡則細微到肉眼無法察覺的程度。 另一方面,右邊的照片2則是完成度低的例子。 表面粗糙到無法反射燈光,可以用肉眼看見大的氣泡。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">那麼,要怎麼做才能打出完成度高的奶泡呢。 重點是“一點一點把空氣含入牛奶”與“完全使用從噴嘴噴出的蒸氣”。</span></div> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div len="2155"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" len="498"> <tbody len="483"> <tr len="347"> <td len="310"> <span style="font-size:16px;"><img len="0" src="/uploads/allimg/171219/3-1G2191029321Y.jpg" style="border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; width: 800px; height: 596px;" /></span></td> </tr> <tr len="115"> <td len="59"> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">可以用目視來確認奶泡的細緻度。 製作卡布奇諾後上了顏色就更能看清楚。 越是細緻時觸感越好,卡布奇諾完成時外觀也會相當漂亮。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">請見右頁的照片。 照片1爲空氣一點一點打入的樣子。 幾乎沒有揚起大的波浪,形成相當漂亮的液麪。 另一方面,照片2爲一開始一口氣打入空氣,剩下的時間用在將氣泡一一擊破。 即使是使用後者,也能在某種程度上達到漂亮外觀的奶泡。 但是,乍看之下漂亮,這兩種打泡方式有相當大的不同。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">照片2的牛奶表面的泡凹凸不平,這是注入的蒸氣變成泡泡要從牛奶表面離開的狀態,也就是說噴嘴出來的蒸氣並沒有完全被使用。 因爲蒸氣的熱與空氣會離開,所以打泡會需要較多的時間。 從噴嘴噴出的蒸氣中含有水分的緣故,花費越多的時間,牛奶就會變成含有越多的水。 因爲是要提供給客人的商品,除了越早做完越好之外,要是變得像水一樣的話就有損咖啡的味道了。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">針對這點,像照片1那種將空氣慢慢打入的方法,噴嘴的空氣和熱度幾乎都會被使用。 證據就是奶泡的表面沒有浮出氣泡。 因爲使用了所有打入的空氣,時間也儘可能縮短,牛奶也不會變得像水一樣。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">“奶泡不是一口氣完成,而是一點一點的作出。 不過表面不會凹凸不平、熱不散失、使作業有效率且能縮短時間進行”</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">將這個重點牢記,打蒸氣時用眼睛一邊確認奶泡的狀態一邊練習吧。</span></div> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" len="523"> <tbody len="508"> <tr len="347"> <td len="310"> <span style="font-size:16px;"><img len="0" src="/uploads/allimg/171219/3-1G219102943444.jpg" style="border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; width: 800px; height: 598px;" /></span></td> </tr> <tr len="140"> <td len="84"> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">蒸奶時表面不要起泡靜靜地進行。 雖然說一口氣打入氣泡也是可以,但如此一來奶泡會變粗、熱度也會隨彈出的氣泡散失、花費的時間也會增加。 要隨時記着“有效率且乾淨利落的打入蒸氣”</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">奶泡的量</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">適度的奶泡對於卡布奇諾來說是相當重要的。 一定量以上漂亮的奶泡,給予飲用時的口感與柔軟的觸感,當奶泡很薄的時候,倒入之後液體與泡會迅速分離,喝入口中就會感覺到。 這樣就無法感受卡布奇諾美味的特徵 "奶泡與液體的一體感"。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">卡布奇諾是由奶泡、牛奶及espresso所構成。 奶泡少的意思就是液體的牛奶變多,也就是與espresso相對上牛奶的比例增加了。 大量的牛奶加進來之後,espresso變稀,就會變得比較難感受到咖啡本身的味道。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">請看下面的照片。 照片1以湯匙撥開奶泡後馬上就會看到液麪。 這是因爲奶泡只有幾mm而已。 這樣一來奶泡少牛奶就變多了,espresso的味道變薄,觸感就會像水一樣。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">另一方面,照片2的奶泡即使用湯匙撥開也不會看到液麪,可以明白這樣的奶泡厚度是足夠的。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">對於“爲了享受絲滑的觸感”,或是“爲了維持牛奶與espresso適當的濃度”而言,適當的奶泡量是必要的。</span></div> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div len="1069"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" len="462"> <tbody len="447"> <tr len="347"> <td len="310"> <span style="font-size:16px;"><img len="0" src="/uploads/allimg/171219/3-1G219102955448.jpg" style="border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; width: 800px; height: 590px;" /></span></td> </tr> <tr len="79"> <td len="23"> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">左爲奶泡量少的樣子,右方的奶泡厚度纔是適當的。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">牛奶的質地</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">“質地”的英文爲texture,指的是觸摸時的感覺、視覺上/觸覺上表面的感受、外觀、紋理等。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">咖啡或espresso的觸感/質感稱呼爲“口感”,而牛奶的觸感/質感,我以“質地”來表現。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">對於牛奶的質地有兩個重點。 第一、作出紋理細緻的奶泡。 絲滑的觸感與質感是來自於紋理細緻的奶泡。 第二、提高效率快速的製作奶泡。 關於這點如P.60“奶泡的綿密度”一處詳細的解說,當蒸氣的時間越來越長,將會發生各式各樣的弊害。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">咖啡師櫛浜在咖啡師冠軍賽中得到牛奶質地優良的評價,將其製作牛奶的方式與其他的咖啡師相比,得知他較其他咖啡師使用了更短的蒸氣時間來完成奶泡。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">“短時間內製作出紋理細緻的奶泡”。 這對牛奶的質地是非常重要的。</span></div> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div len="338"> <br /> <div> <strong><span style="font-size:16px;"> 拉出與咖啡味道產生良好平衡的卡布奇諾</span></strong></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">將牛乳倒入的操作,對卡布奇諾的味道構成是很重要的因素之一。這存在以下兩個重點。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">一邊攪拌一邊注入</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">作出對比</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">牛奶與espresso進行攪拌(混合),與在兩者之間作出對比,乍看之下這兩件事似乎相反,但這兩件事對於卡布奇諾的風味有相當大的影響。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">一邊攪拌一邊注入</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">將牛奶倒入espresso的時候,要儘量做到“與espresso均勻混合”。以精品咖啡製作espresso來看,常常煎焙的時間較短,這樣的豆子所抽出的espresso的crema因爲比較硬,一邊攪拌 (=奶泡鋼杯移動到各處) 一邊注入的話,也會出現無法做出漂亮卡布奇諾外觀的狀況。在者,攪拌的同時“奶泡”、“液體的牛奶”、“espresso”會充分的混合,可以避免味道的偏移。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">請看下面的照片,照片1的杯子裏,可以看到牛奶與espresso之間有明顯的分界處。也就是說兩者並沒有混合。這時就變成上層的espresso味道較濃,下層的牛奶風味較強。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">另一方面,照片2的杯子裏可以看到整體是很均勻的混合。如此一來整體的味道會非常均衡。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">這樣使用透明的杯子能夠清楚的看到注入的情形,而光是倒入的方法就能左右卡布奇諾嚐起來的均衡度。</span></div> <div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <span style="font-size:16px;"><img src="/uploads/allimg/171219/3-1G219103142I7.jpg" style="border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; width: 800px; height: 413px;" /></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <span style="font-size:16px;">左爲牛奶與espresso沒有混合的咖啡、右爲混合均勻的咖啡。</span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br /> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">作出對比</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">請比較下面兩張照片。光是牛奶的注入方法就會產生相當不同的結果。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">照片1的杯內整體都可以看到明顯有牛奶的白色,因爲這樣在喝的時候口感會變成容易被牛奶所支配,就是所謂“乳狀”的狀態。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">另一方,照片2的杯中espresso的crema是在一邊注意讓crema顏色留下來一邊倒入牛奶的狀況下完成,能感受到espresso的咖啡、與材料的適度搭配。此外,對比明顯的時候,外觀的分數也會變高。漂亮的拉花雖然不等於品質高的卡布奇諾,但也是相當重要的因素之一。若能像照片2那樣的注入奶泡、做出漂亮的拉花、客人也能開心吧。</span></div> <div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size:16px;">除了重視對比或拉花,要注意儘量不要只在一點注入牛奶、或是隻注意表面的漂亮地來製作卡布奇諾吧。</span></div> </div> <div> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <span style="font-size:16px;"><img src="/uploads/allimg/171219/3-1G21910320K41.jpg" style="border-width: 0px; border-style: solid; width: 675px; height: 893px;" /></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <span style="font-size:16px;">上圖的牛奶在咖啡表面形成醒目的白色,下爲對比漂亮的表面。對比漂亮的時候,不管從何處開始喝,都能在一開始就喝到咖啡的味道。</span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <br /> ' |
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meta_title | '如何打出優秀的奶泡,並拉出咖啡味道平衡的卡布奇諾?_咖啡技術_咖啡知識_中國咖啡網' |
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meta_description | '專業咖啡師交流 請關注咖啡工房(微信公衆號cafe_style ) 打出將咖啡的美味與特徵帶出的奶泡 萃取出適當的espresso之後,下一步是牛奶的發泡。 經由稱爲蒸氣機的機器將牛奶溫熱、並作出泡沫,就稱爲 打奶泡 。 優質的咖啡,與牛奶互相配合之後,能讓人感受' |
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=> 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '8', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '4', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '671', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-tanshaokafei.html', 'total' => 8, 'field' => array ( ), ), 672 => array ( 'id' => '672', 'pid' => '4', 'pids' => '0,4', 'name' => '冷萃咖啡', 'dirname' => 'lingcuikafei', 'pdirname' => 'kafeizhishi/', 'child' => 0, 'childids' => 672, 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '冷萃咖啡_冷泡咖啡_冰釀咖啡_星巴克冷萃咖啡', 'list_keywords' => '', 'list_description' => '冷萃咖啡Cold Brew Coffee就是用冷水浸泡咖啡粉12小時以上進行萃取再過濾,類似冷泡茶的做法。極端一點的,採用冰水混合物浸泡咖啡(冰滴就是這個原理,冰塊融化滴入咖啡粉,要滴一天),或者時間延長至48小時。', ), 'template' => array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '40', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '4', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '672', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-lingcuikafei.html', 'total' => 40, 'field' => array ( ), ), 673 => array ( 'id' => '673', 'pid' => '4', 'pids' => '0,4', 'name' => '咖啡培訓', 'dirname' => 'kafeipeixun', 'pdirname' => 'kafeizhishi/', 'child' => 0, 'childids' => 673, 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '咖啡培訓_咖啡師培訓_咖啡學院_最好的咖啡學校', 'list_keywords' => '咖啡培訓_咖啡師培訓_咖啡學院_最好的咖啡學校', 'list_description' => '咖啡師的入行門檻低,待遇亦不錯,“而且咖啡是僅次於石油的第二大貿易商品,咖啡因此也被稱爲‘黑金’(Black Gold),全世界都有咖啡店,大家也喜愛咖啡,擁有這門專業的話,去哪裏工作都可以呀', ), 'template' => array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '38', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '4', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '673', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-kafeipeixun.html', 'total' => 38, 'field' => array ( ), ), ) |
urlrule | '/views-113589-[page].html' |
fix_html_now_url | '' |
my_web_url | 'https://test.gafei.com/views-113589' |
get | array ( 's' => 'article', 'c' => 'show', 'id' => '113589', 'm' => 'index', ) |
App.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/App.php |
Autoload.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Autoload.php |
Cache.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Cache.php |
Cache.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Cache.php |
CodeIgniter.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/CodeIgniter.php |
Constants.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Constants.php |
Content.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Model/Content.php |
ContentSecurityPolicy.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/ContentSecurityPolicy.php |
Cookie.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Cookie.php |
Database.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Database.php |
Date.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Date.php |
Exceptions.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Exceptions.php |
Exceptions.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/Exceptions.php |
Field.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Field.php |
File.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Field/File.php |
Filters.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Filters.php |
Helper.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Helper.php |
Hooks.php | FCPATH/App/Bdts/Config/Hooks.php |
Hooks.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Hooks.php |
Init.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Init.php |
Input.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Input.php |
Kint.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Kint.php |
Lang.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Lang.php |
Logger.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Logger.php |
Member.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Model/Member.php |
Model.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Model.php |
Module.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/Home/Module.php |
Modules.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Modules.php |
Paths.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Paths.php |
Phpcmf.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Phpcmf.php |
Request.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/Request.php |
Router.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Router.php |
Router.php | FCPATH/My/Library/Router.php |
Routes.php | APPPATH/Config/Routes.php |
Routes.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Routes.php |
Security.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Security.php |
Seo.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Seo.php |
Service.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Service.php |
Services.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Services.php |
Show.php | APPPATH/Controllers/Show.php |
Text.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Text.php |
Textarea.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Textarea.php |
Toolbar.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Toolbar.php |
Ueditor.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Ueditor.php |
UserAgents.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/UserAgents.php |
Version.php | FCPATH/My/Config/Version.php |
View.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/View.php |
View.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/View.php |
View.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/View.php |
_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_new_recommend_1.htm.cache.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/template/_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_new_recommend_1.htm.cache.php |
_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_new_recommend_2.htm.cache.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/template/_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_new_recommend_2.htm.cache.php |
_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_show.html.cache.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/template/_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_show.html.cache.php |
cache.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/cache.php |
custom.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/custom.php |
database.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/database.php |
domain_app.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/domain_app.php |
domain_client.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/domain_client.php |
hooks.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/hooks.php |
index.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/hk/index.php |
lang.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/hk/api/language/zh-cn/lang.php |
memcached.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/memcached.php |
redis.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/redis.php |
rewrite.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/rewrite.php |
site.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/site.php |
system.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/system.php |
AutoloadConfig.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/AutoloadConfig.php |
Autoloader.php | SYSTEMPATH/Autoloader/Autoloader.php |
BaseBuilder.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/BaseBuilder.php |
BaseCollector.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/BaseCollector.php |
BaseConfig.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/BaseConfig.php |
BaseConnection.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/BaseConnection.php |
BaseHandler.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cache/Handlers/BaseHandler.php |
BaseResult.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/BaseResult.php |
BaseService.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/BaseService.php |
Builder.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/MySQLi/Builder.php |
CacheFactory.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cache/CacheFactory.php |
CacheInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cache/CacheInterface.php |
CliRenderer.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/CliRenderer.php |
CloneableCookieInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/CloneableCookieInterface.php |
CodeIgniter.php | SYSTEMPATH/CodeIgniter.php |
Common.php | SYSTEMPATH/Common.php |
Config.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Config.php |
Config.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/Config.php |
Connection.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/MySQLi/Connection.php |
ConnectionInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/ConnectionInterface.php |
ContentSecurityPolicy.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/ContentSecurityPolicy.php |
Controller.php | SYSTEMPATH/Controller.php |
Cookie.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/Cookie.php |
CookieInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/CookieInterface.php |
CookieStore.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/CookieStore.php |
Database.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/Database.php |
Database.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Database.php |
DebugToolbar.php | SYSTEMPATH/Filters/DebugToolbar.php |
DotEnv.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/DotEnv.php |
Escaper.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Escaper/Escaper.php |
Events.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Events.php |
Events.php | SYSTEMPATH/Events/Events.php |
Exceptions.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Exceptions.php |
Factories.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Factories.php |
Factory.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Factory.php |
FileLocator.php | SYSTEMPATH/Autoloader/FileLocator.php |
Files.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Files.php |
FilterInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Filters/FilterInterface.php |
Filters.php | SYSTEMPATH/Filters/Filters.php |
Header.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Header.php |
IncomingRequest.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/IncomingRequest.php |
Kint.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Kint.php |
Logger.php | SYSTEMPATH/Log/Logger.php |
LoggerInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/PSR/Log/LoggerInterface.php |
Logs.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Logs.php |
Message.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Message.php |
MessageInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/MessageInterface.php |
MessageTrait.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/MessageTrait.php |
Modules.php | SYSTEMPATH/Modules/Modules.php |
Query.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/Query.php |
QueryInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/QueryInterface.php |
RedisHandler.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cache/Handlers/RedisHandler.php |
Renderer.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/Renderer.php |
RendererInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/View/RendererInterface.php |
Request.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Request.php |
RequestInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/RequestInterface.php |
RequestTrait.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/RequestTrait.php |
Response.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Response.php |
ResponseInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/ResponseInterface.php |
ResponseTrait.php | SYSTEMPATH/API/ResponseTrait.php |
ResponseTrait.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/ResponseTrait.php |
Result.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/MySQLi/Result.php |
ResultInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/ResultInterface.php |
RichRenderer.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/RichRenderer.php |
RouteCollection.php | SYSTEMPATH/Router/RouteCollection.php |
RouteCollectionInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Router/RouteCollectionInterface.php |
Router.php | SYSTEMPATH/Router/Router.php |
RouterInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Router/RouterInterface.php |
Routes.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Routes.php |
Routes.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Routes.php |
Services.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Services.php |
TextRenderer.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/TextRenderer.php |
Timer.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Timer.php |
Timers.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Timers.php |
Toolbar.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar.php |
URI.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/URI.php |
UserAgent.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/UserAgent.php |
Utils.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Utils.php |
View.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/View.php |
View.php | SYSTEMPATH/View/View.php |
Views.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Views.php |
init.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/init.php |
init_helpers.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/init_helpers.php |
url_helper.php | SYSTEMPATH/Helpers/url_helper.php |
Directory: | |
Controller: | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show |
Method: | index |
Params: | 0 / 0 |
Method | Route | Handler |
---|---|---|
GET | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
HEAD | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
POST | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
PUT | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
DELETE | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
OPTIONS | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
TRACE | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
CONNECT | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
CLI | migrations/([^/]+)/([^/]+) | \CodeIgniter\Commands\MigrationsCommand::$1/$2 |
CLI | migrations/([^/]+) | \CodeIgniter\Commands\MigrationsCommand::$1 |
CLI | migrations | \CodeIgniter\Commands\MigrationsCommand::index |
CLI | ci(.*) | \CodeIgniter\CLI\CommandRunner::index/$1 |
CLI | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
Time | Event Name | Times Called |
---|---|---|
6.53 ms | pre_system | 1 |
0.10 ms | dbquery | 9 |
Action | Datetime | Status | Method | URL | Content-Type | Is AJAX? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2025-04-30 18:14:10 | 200 | GET | https://gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-30 18:14:09 | 200 | GET | https://test.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-30 18:14:07 | 200 | GET | https://gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-30 18:14:03 | 200 | GET | https://gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-30 18:14:01 | 200 | GET | https://gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-30 18:14:00 | 200 | GET | https://gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-30 18:13:59 | 200 | GET | https://codec.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-30 18:13:56 | 200 | GET | https://gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-30 18:13:55 | 200 | GET | https://test.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-30 18:13:54 | 200 | GET | https://gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-30 18:13:53 | 200 | GET | https://gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-30 18:13:52 | 200 | GET | https://cheam.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-30 18:13:50 | 200 | GET | https://gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-30 18:13:49 | 200 | GET | https://test.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-30 18:13:47 | 200 | GET | https://gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-30 18:13:44 | 200 | GET | https://coffeetec.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-30 18:13:40 | 200 | GET | https://gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-30 18:13:37 | 200 | GET | https://bestcoffee.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-30 18:13:36 | 200 | GET | https://codec.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-30 18:13:35 | 200 | GET | https://gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No |
Session doesn't seem to be active.
s | article |
c | show |
id | 113589 |
m | index |
Priority | u=0, i |
Accept-Encoding | gzip, deflate, br, zstd |
Sec-Fetch-Dest | document |
Sec-Fetch-User | ?1 |
Sec-Fetch-Mode | navigate |
Sec-Fetch-Site | none |
Accept | text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7 |
User-Agent | Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com) |
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests | 1 |
Sec-Ch-Ua-Platform | "Windows" |
Sec-Ch-Ua-Mobile | ?0 |
Sec-Ch-Ua | "Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99" |
Cache-Control | no-cache |
Pragma | no-cache |
Host | test.gafei.com |
Priority | u=0, i |
Accept-Encoding | gzip, deflate, br, zstd |
Sec-Fetch-Dest | document |
Sec-Fetch-User | ?1 |
Sec-Fetch-Mode | navigate |
Sec-Fetch-Site | none |
Accept | text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7 |
User-Agent | Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com) |
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests | 1 |
Sec-Ch-Ua-Platform | "Windows" |
Sec-Ch-Ua-Mobile | ?0 |
Sec-Ch-Ua | "Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99" |
Cache-Control | no-cache |
Pragma | no-cache |
Host | test.gafei.com |
CodeIgniter Version: | 4.1.4 |
PHP Version: | 8.0.25 |
PHP SAPI: | fpm-fcgi |
Environment: | development |
Base URL: | https://test.gafei.com/ |
Timezone: | PRC |
Locale: | en |
Content Security Policy Enabled: | No |