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'116045' |
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title |
'如何選擇適合拉花的牛奶和奶泡?咖啡拉花最簡單的圖案要學多久?' |
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'如何,選擇,適合,花的,牛奶,奶泡,咖啡,拉花,最簡單,圖案' |
description |
'專業咖啡知識交流 更多咖啡豆資訊 請關注咖啡工房(微信公衆號cafe_style ) 重點討論:咖啡拉花真的那麼重要嗎? 無瑕的卡布奇諾頂部的泡沫硬挺不會偶然發生。新鮮倒入的拿鐵中的顏色層也不同。他們在那裏是因爲兩件事:咖啡師的技巧和所用牛奶的質量。 低' |
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'2018-03-04 14:44:13' |
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'2018-03-04 14:45:05' |
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'<img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/180304/3-1P3041444491H.jpg" style="width: 640px; height: 640px;" /><br />
<h2 style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 28px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8em; outline: 0px; zoom: 1; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px 0px 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(80, 193, 233); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 30px; font-family: \'ヒラギノ角ゴ Pro W3\', \'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro\', メイリオ, Meiryo, \'MS Pゴシック\', sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; width: auto;">
<font style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; zoom: 1; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: inherit;">專業咖啡知識交流 更多咖啡豆資訊 請關注咖啡工房(微信公衆號cafe_style )</font></h2>
<ul style="padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: 0px; zoom: 1; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; font-family: \'ヒラギノ角ゴ Pro W3\', \'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro\', メイリオ, Meiryo, \'MS Pゴシック\', sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none outside; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
<li style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; zoom: 1; list-style: none; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 18px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: url(https://coffeemecca.jp/wp-content/themes/coffee/images/coffeelist.png); background-size: 0.8em; background-attachment: scroll; background-color: transparent; background-position: 4px 3px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">
<a href="http://www.gafei.com/dianping/20170907109004.html">重點討論:咖啡拉花真的那麼重要嗎?</a></li>
<li style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; margin: 0px 0px 12px; outline: 0px; zoom: 1; list-style: none; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: 18px; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: url(https://coffeemecca.jp/wp-content/themes/coffee/images/coffeelist.png); background-size: 0.8em; background-attachment: scroll; background-color: transparent; background-position: 4px 3px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">
<div style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; zoom: 1;">
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無瑕的卡布奇諾頂部的泡沫硬挺不會偶然發生。新鮮倒入的拿鐵中的顏色層也不同。他們在那裏是因爲兩件事:咖啡師的技巧和所用牛奶的質量。</div>
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低質量的牛奶會導致Houdini發泡的軟泡沫和泡沫,在飲料甚至送給顧客之前就消失了。就像咖啡豆的出生地可以大大改變咖啡的口味一樣,牛奶的來源可能是完美的杯子和被遺忘的杯子之間的差異。</div>
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所以我和三屆英國咖啡師錦標賽決賽選手,Barista Lab Milk的創始人Joao Almeida進行了交談。這是他必須告訴我關於選擇最好的咖啡牛奶。</div>
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咖啡拉花咖啡師技能和優質牛奶:兩者都很重要。信用:QuentinCafé</div>
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“牛奶起源”:它是科學</div>
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Joao解釋說:“真正的牛奶比紅色,綠色和藍色的瓶子更重要。</div>
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每個農場都生產具有不同脂肪和蛋白質含量以及不同甜度等級的牛奶。牛奶的確切品質都取決於奶牛的食用量,飼養條件以及牛奶收集後的處理方式。</div>
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Joao告訴我,有一種科學背後的牛奶最適合咖啡師。研究人員MortenMünchow發現澤西奶牛生產最好的變形牛奶。這是因爲他們的牛奶含有高水平的蛋白質,糖和黃油脂肪。</div>
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因此,澤西牛奶已成爲手工奶酪和冰激凌製造商的珍品 - 儘管低成本公司傾向於避免它們,因爲它們產生的牛奶量較低。</div>
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這不僅關乎品種,自由放養和非均質牛奶也與更好的品質相關。</div>
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咖啡和牛奶什麼組成你的牛奶?牛奶蒸和拿鐵泡沫</div>
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讓我們來看看當我們蒸牛奶時究竟發生了什麼。這個過程涉及將熱水蒸汽(250-255°F,121-124°C)引入冷牛奶(40°F,4°C),直至達到理想溫度,以完成“完美蒸制的拿鐵”。這個過程聽起來很簡單 - 但有一些需要考慮的變量。</div>
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最重要的是,不同的奶需要不同量的蒸制時間。正確的做法很重要:過高的溫度會導致燙傷。這會殺死細菌和變性酶,導致凝結(這是變性的乳蛋白聚集在一起)。</div>
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這不僅僅是蒸汽時間受到影響。由於不同類型的牛奶具有不同的分子組成,它們也需要不同的蒸煮溫度。</div>
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咖啡拉花正確的溫度是獲得完美拿鐵的關鍵。信用:哈克貝里羅斯特</div>
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爲什麼有些奶與衆不同?</div>
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牛奶有三個主要成分:蛋白質,碳水化合物和脂肪。</div>
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蛋白質佔牛奶的3.3%左右,脫脂和半脫脂牛奶的碳水化合物和脂肪比例更高。這種蛋白質的含量又可分爲兩大類,酪蛋白和血清。</div>
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牛奶特定牛奶的潛在化學成分。</div>
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血清或乳清蛋白含有九種必需氨基酸中的大部分。它們可以通過加熱凝結和/或變性,使熟牛奶具有獨特的風味。</div>
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另一方面,酪蛋白形成了一種叫做“膠束”的物質。蒸汽時,注入的氣泡破壞這些膠束。分子包含氣泡,防止爆裂併產生泡沫。</div>
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外賣:不同奶的不同蛋白質含量會影響每種牛奶保持泡沫泡沫裝飾你的拿鐵的能力。你應該知道,全脂牛奶導致了更厚,更奶油的泡沫,而脫脂牛奶導致更多的泡沫和更大的氣泡。</div>
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牛奶<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>%蛋白質</div>
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脫脂奶<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>3.4</div>
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1%牛奶<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>3.4</div>
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2%牛奶<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>3.3</div>
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全脂牛奶<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>3.2</div>
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不要讓牛奶過熱</div>
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乳糖是牛奶的碳水化合物成分 - 由D-葡萄糖和D-半乳糖組成的二糖。平衡混合物中存在兩種形式的乳糖,由於變旋,α-乳糖和β-乳糖。β-乳糖是更穩定的形式,也是兩者的甜味形式。</div>
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當牛奶超過100°C的溫度時,這會導致“褐變”(美拉德反應)。此時,乳糖和牛奶蛋白 - 主要是酪蛋白 - 形成所謂的Amadori產品。</div>
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隨着反應的繼續,Amadori產品可能發生脫水和氧化反應。它會導致營養價值的喪失,以及牛奶中沒有吸引力的風味化合物。換句話說,避免過度蒸。</div>
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咖啡拉花不同類型的牛奶需要不同的汽蒸溫度。</div>
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還請參見:拿鐵牛奶發泡:爲什麼你不應該使用燙牛奶</div>
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溫度影響泡沫穩定性</div>
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牛奶的最後一個主要成分是乳脂。這存在於牛奶中的小球。其中98%以上是不同類型的脂肪酸,包括飽和脂肪酸,單不飽和脂肪酸和多不飽和脂肪酸。</div>
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與蛋白質一樣,這些脂肪分子可以通過圍繞來自蒸汽棒的空氣並將其捕集在氣泡中來穩定泡沫的形成。</div>
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在低於室溫的溫度下,較高的脂肪含量將導致更穩定的泡沫,而具有較低脂肪含量的牛奶(如脫脂牛奶)在較高溫度下更好地穩定泡沫。這可能是由於沿着氣泡表面的脂肪表面張力降低,這本身是脂肪百分比增加的結果。</div>
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加熱這些脂肪分子不僅會影響泡沫質地。當加熱或蒸汽時,脂肪酸也參與化學反應,如氧化反應。反過來,這可能會引起不良的味道。</div>
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故事的寓意是,每一種牛奶成分都有助於泡沫和泡沫的能力,而蒸汽對這些成分都有影響。</div>
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咖啡拉花過度蒸汽會導致不愉快的味道。</div>
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可持續牛奶</div>
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這一切意味着,如果我們想要優質牛奶,我們需要詢問農場(就像我們的咖啡豆一樣)。我們應該知道牛奶來自哪種奶牛,這些奶牛正在餵食什麼,如果它們是自由放養的,還有更多。</div>
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“我開始以良心思考咖啡,”若昂告訴我。“這是好的牛奶。咖啡師可以獲得最優質的牛奶,而農民的辛勤工作會得到更好的價格。“</div>
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他以Rowley Farm爲例,他從Barista Lab Milk那裏購買了一個地方。由Whitby家族,John Stephen和Lilles經營,它是白金漢郡南部最後一個奶牛場之一。它擁有200頭澤西牛,它們靠近農場的小麥和大邁克爾耕作物田地。</div>
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Joao告訴我,這樣的高品質飼料使得“對最終產品有着不同的世界”。這是牛用來生產牛奶的原材料 - 更好的飼料可以製造更好的牛奶“。更重要的是,漫遊農場的自由導致更好的福利,這也會導致更好的牛奶。</div>
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Rowley Farm也是慈善LEAF(Linking Environment&Farming)的成員,該組織協助農民儘可能地實現可持續發展。</div>
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牛奶優質牛奶與優質咖啡一樣重要。</div>
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咖啡的起源 - 這是一個每天在世界各地付出嚴肅的口頭表示的話題。客戶經常宣誓效忠某個單一的來源豆。大多數咖啡師都可以寫一篇關於特定咖啡的出處以及它是如何影響從香氣到甜味的所有事情的論文。</div>
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但是,儘管豆類在重大的起源辯論中佔據了主導地位,但另一方卻一直在等待。現在該開始談論不同的奶牛和不同的奶牛場如何影響咖啡中的牛奶。</div>
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由Barista Lab Milk的Sarah Holt撰寫。</div>
</div>
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<a href="http://www.gafei.com/lahua/20171231114311.html">咖啡拉花的步驟解析 如何避免拉花圖案偏斜?拉花小技巧</a></div>
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