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'<center>
<br />
<img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/151103/3-1511031101445S.png" /></center>
<p>
能源圈君是咖啡愛好者，買了一套自制咖啡的工具，從此在辦公室裏就能享受香濃的自制咖啡。不過每次都會剩下一坨咖啡渣，似乎除了倒進垃圾桶，也沒別的處理辦法。</p>
<p>
全世界每年生產超過900萬噸咖啡豆，而一旦沖泡後，一大坨垃圾就被製造出來，絕大多數被填埋了事。</p>
<p>
不過，最新的研究表明，咖啡渣可是優質燃料，倒掉實在是太浪費了。</p>
<p>
(以下文字由王丟兜編譯，煎蛋)</p>
<p>
韓國的研究者們已經發現了一種利用廢棄咖啡渣充當更爲字面意義上的燃料的方法，在《納米技術》上的一項研究中，他們報告了使用咖啡廢棄物產生一種充滿微小毛孔增加表面積的碳材料，也就是“活性炭”。這種新材料能夠吸收儲存甲烷和氫氣，兩者都可以用作燃料。</p>
<p>
雖然用這種廉價材料來儲存這些燃料的能力是使這一技術更可行的一大進步，它同時也具有環境優勢：甲烷是一種有害的溫室氣體。</p>
<p>
這絕不是廢棄咖啡渣的唯一用途。作爲一種相對純淨又實質上免費的廢棄物流，科學家、工程師和企業家們已經研究了各種方法來利用它。</p>
<p>
燃燒咖啡用作低成本燃料幾年來，雀巢一直在使用來自他家速溶咖啡生產的廢棄咖啡渣作爲熱力燃料。它目前在全球超過20家工廠裏使用咖啡來煮他家生產的食品，每年置換超過80萬噸否則就要去填埋的咖啡渣。</p>
<p>
在一項更具體的努力中，總部位於倫敦的Bio-beans(生化-豆)公司正試圖把本地速溶咖啡生產商的廢棄物(僅倫敦和東南英格蘭就有近20萬噸)變成用於發電的生物質顆粒，也能用時髦的生物質燃燒器給住宅供暖。這些豆子燃燒更潔淨，且包含能量比傳統木質顆粒多50%。然而和雀巢不同，Bio-bean首先把油從咖啡中去除，這把我們帶進下一點：</p>
<p>
把咖啡變成液體燃料咖啡豆與大多數植物種子一樣含有大量的油，可以被榨取或化學萃取，然後它可以被轉換成生物柴油，具有與常規柴油類似的性質。</p>
<center>
<img alt="" src="http://n1.itc.cn/img8/wb/smccloud/recom/2015/11/02/144646775344694378.JPEG" /></center>
<p>
該燃料可用於標準柴油發動機。Paul Joseph, CC BY</p>
<p>
咖啡衍生生物柴油並不受咖啡種植地、咖啡豆類型或咖啡如何沖泡所影響，這是一個很大優勢，它意味着咖啡衍生燃料燃燒時會提供可預測和一致的能量值。</p>
<p>
咖啡渣也可以發酵生產乙醇，或施加極端溫度壓力來創造類似原油的生物油，然而，這兩個過程都很昂貴。生物柴油似乎是唯一在更大尺度上可行的燃料，因此Bio-beans正竭力爭取將其商業化。</p>
<p>
充滿有價值的化學物質咖啡含有大量化學物質，分離純化後可以用作非常特殊的用途，例如能略微降低血壓的食品添加劑綠原酸;有助於預防和治療糖尿病及中樞神經系統疾病的胡蘆巴鹼;用於製造生物塑料的聚羥基脂肪酸酯;以及廣泛的抗氧化劑，能用於醫療或者添加到燃料和潤滑油中延長其壽命。</p>
<p>
咖啡堆肥?</p>
<center>
<img alt="" src="http://n1.itc.cn/img8/wb/smccloud/recom/2015/11/02/144646775361157448.JPEG" /></center>
<p>
這個夏威夷咖啡農場有正確想法。Scot Nelson, CC BY-SA</p>
<p>
咖啡渣富含植物生長重要營養元素氮，一些咖啡店知道這一點，他們會把用過的咖啡送給要的客戶。這減少他們的廢棄物，並能變成有機果蔬，有什麼咖啡師會說不呢?</p>
<p>
吸收重金屬</p>
<p>
咖啡渣甚至能有效吸收有害的重金屬，如鉻、銅、鎳或鉛，它們經常從化學工廠泄露並造成重大損失。在特定實驗室條件下，已有報道廢棄咖啡可以從溶液中除去91%重金屬離子——潛在環境效益的一個很好例子。</p>
<center>
<img alt="" src="http://n1.itc.cn/img8/wb/smccloud/recom/2015/11/02/144646775373548093.JPEG" /></center>
<p>
有人手頭有咖啡渣嗎?加拿大波莉山銅礦去年發生大泄漏。Reuters</p>
<p>
咖啡製造超級電容</p>
<p>
最複雜的是，研究者們用咖啡製造超級電容器，能夠比傳統電池保持更多電量、維持更多充電週期，具有優良電氣性能的超薄多孔碳納米薄片已經被生產出來了。</p>
<p>
無論是用在家裏做花園堆肥，還是在實驗室裏進行研究，甚至是在工業燃料生產中，廢棄咖啡顯然都有大量用途。有一件事情是肯定的，我們當然不應該就把它丟了。</p>
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),
'is_post' => 1,
'mobile_domain' => '',
'tid' => 1,
'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-zixun/waiguokafeixinxi.html',
'total' => 13,
'field' =>
array (
),
),
323 =>
array (
'id' => '323',
'pid' => '2',
'pids' => '0,1,2',
'name' => '7月資訊',
'dirname' => '7yuezixun',
'pdirname' => 'kafeixinwen/zixun/',
'child' => 0,
'childids' => 323,
'thumb' => '',
'show' => '1',
'setting' =>
array (
'edit' => 1,
'disabled' => 0,
'getchild' => 1,
'linkurl' => '',
'urlrule' => 3,
'seo' =>
array (
'list_title' => '[第{page}頁{join}]{catpname}{join}{modname}{join}{SITE_NAME}',
'list_keywords' => '',
'list_description' => '',
),
'template' =>
array (
'pagesize' => 20,
'mpagesize' => 20,
'page' => 'page.html',
'list' => 'list.html',
'category' => 'category.html',
'search' => 'search.html',
'show' => 'show.html',
),
'cat_field' => '',
'module_field' => '',
'html' => 0,
),
'displayorder' => '0',
'acount' => '1',
'namerule' => '{typedir}{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html',
'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html',
'mid' => 'article',
'pcatpost' => 1,
'topid' => '1',
'domain' => '',
'catids' =>
array (
0 => '323',
),
'is_post' => 1,
'mobile_domain' => '',
'tid' => 1,
'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-7yuezixun.html',
'total' => 1,
'field' =>
array (
),
),
) |
| urlrule |
'/views-43566-[page].html' |
| fix_html_now_url |
'' |
| my_web_url |
'https://test.gafei.com/views-43566' |
| get |
array (
's' => 'article',
'c' => 'show',
'id' => '43566',
'm' => 'index',
) |
