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'專業咖啡知識交流 更多咖啡豆資訊 請關注咖啡工房（微信公衆號 cafe_style ） 牛奶由 三個最主要的成分組成：蛋白質，碳水化合物和脂肪。蛋白質佔據牛奶的3.3%。蛋白質可以分解成兩種元素：酪蛋白和血清蛋白。 血清或叫乳清蛋白，擁有九大必備氨基酸，它們加' |
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'<img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/190215/18-1Z215100124361.jpg" style="width: 768px; height: 512px;" /><br />
<h2 style="margin: 0pt 0pt 8.4pt; text-indent: 0pt; border-bottom: 1.5pt solid rgb(80, 193, 233); padding: 0pt; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">
<span style="font-family: Meiryo; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-weight: normal; font-size: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font face="Meiryo">專業咖啡知識交流</font> <font face="Meiryo">更多咖啡豆資訊</font> <font face="Meiryo">請關注咖啡工房（微信公衆號</font>cafe_style ）</span><span style="font-family: Meiryo; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div>
<a href="https://www.gafei.com/zhaifei/20180509117178.html">牛奶由</a>三個最主要的成分組成：蛋白質，碳水化合物和脂肪。蛋白質佔據牛奶的3.3%。蛋白質可以分解成兩種元素：酪蛋白和血清蛋白。</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
血清或叫乳清蛋白，擁有九大必備氨基酸，它們加熱至高溫會凝結或變質。</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
酪蛋白會形成“膠束”（膠束是指表面活性劑溶於水中，當其濃度較低時呈單分子分散或被吸附在溶液的表面上而降低表面張力）。當用蒸汽打發牛奶時，打斷膠束的形成，酪蛋白分子會包裹着氣泡，保護他們不會破裂，從而形成奶泡。</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
不同的<a href="https://www.gafei.com/zhaifei/20180509117178.html">牛奶</a>所含的蛋白質程度影響着拿鐵表面拉花裝飾的持久性。全脂牛奶會有更豐盈的口感，厚重的奶泡，而低脂牛奶在打發時會更容易產生大氣泡。一杯牛奶咖啡有60%-80%都是由牛奶組成，很多客人會很疑惑我們如何選擇牛奶。其實我們選擇牛奶的方式非常簡單，只有兩個原則：一、必須是鮮奶；二、與我們的濃縮能夠較好地結合出好的風味。</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
如果之前沒接觸過，打奶也確實是一個不小的挑戰。不光是技術上的困難，還有相關咖啡機設備的操作。怎麼控制蒸汽的大小？怎麼控制牛奶溫度？理解好的奶泡是什麼樣子，你需要學習的有很多。在打發<a href="https://www.gafei.com/zhaifei/20180509117178.html">牛奶</a>之前，你需要選擇合適的牛奶。你應該知道不同的奶打發的效果是什麼樣的，全脂奶更易打發。</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
今天簡單跟大家做個科普，目前市面上的牛奶大體分爲五種：</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
一、生乳，即從健康的奶牛擠下的常乳，僅經過過濾和冷卻的處理方法，未經過任何殺菌處理；</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
二、巴氏殺菌牛乳，即經過低溫長時間（62℃-65℃，保持30min）或經過高溫短時間（72℃-76℃，保持15s；或80℃-85℃，保持10-15s）的處理方式；</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
三、復原乳，也叫還原乳，使用奶粉與水勾兌成的牛乳製品；</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
四、超高溫瞬時滅菌，也叫UHT，即經過135℃以上保持數秒的處理方式，然後用利樂包裝盒密封避光儲存，可在常溫下保存半年以上，生乳經過UHT滅菌處理後，乳果糖含量一般會低於600ml/L；</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
五、ESL<a href="https://www.gafei.com/zhaifei/20180509117178.html">牛奶</a>（Extended Shelf Life），是一種延長保質期的處理方式，即從原料到產品的製造過程中，提高每個環節的清潔水平及對機器的殺菌水平，通過徹底防止二次污染的設備除菌管理，使產品品質高於一般冷藏水平，起到延長保質期的作用。</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
一般來講，只有生乳、巴氏殺菌乳和ESL乳才能被稱爲鮮奶，並且這幾種牛乳都需要放在冷藏櫃中保存，通過較低的溫度來短暫抑制牛乳中的細菌增長。於牛奶中的微生物更多，風味也不容易像啤酒那樣受到高溫影響，並且由於商業製作需求，因此後來有人根據巴氏殺菌法研究出高溫短時間的處理方式，即使用72-76℃，保持15s，或80-85℃，保持10-15s的方式進行殺菌處理，也統稱爲巴氏殺菌乳。</div>
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'show' => 'show.html',
),
'cat_field' => '',
'module_field' => '',
'html' => 0,
),
'displayorder' => '0',
'acount' => '137',
'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html',
'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html',
'mid' => 'article',
'pcatpost' => 1,
'topid' => '4',
'domain' => '',
'catids' =>
array (
0 => '307',
),
'is_post' => 1,
'mobile_domain' => '',
'tid' => 1,
'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-naipao.html',
'total' => 137,
'field' =>
array (
),
),
308 =>
array (
'id' => '308',
'pid' => '33',
'pids' => '0,4,33',
'name' => '拉花',
'dirname' => 'lahua',
'pdirname' => 'kafeizhishi/kafeilahua/',
'child' => 0,
'childids' => 308,
'thumb' => '',
'show' => '1',
'setting' =>
array (
'edit' => 1,
'disabled' => 0,
'getchild' => 1,
'linkurl' => '',
'urlrule' => 3,
'seo' =>
array (
'list_title' => '[第{page}頁{join}]{catpname}{join}{modname}{join}{SITE_NAME}',
'list_keywords' => '',
'list_description' => '',
),
'template' =>
array (
'pagesize' => 20,
'mpagesize' => 20,
'page' => 'page.html',
'list' => 'list.html',
'category' => 'category.html',
'search' => 'search.html',
'show' => 'show.html',
),
'cat_field' => '',
'module_field' => '',
'html' => 0,
),
'displayorder' => '0',
'acount' => '158',
'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html',
'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html',
'mid' => 'article',
'pcatpost' => 1,
'topid' => '4',
'domain' => '',
'catids' =>
array (
0 => '308',
),
'is_post' => 1,
'mobile_domain' => '',
'tid' => 1,
'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-lahua.html',
'total' => 158,
'field' =>
array (
),
),
) |
| urlrule |
'/views-129830-[page].html' |
| fix_html_now_url |
'' |
| my_web_url |
'https://test.gafei.com/views-129830' |
| get |
array (
's' => 'article',
'c' => 'show',
'id' => '129830',
'm' => 'index',
) |
