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'烘焙師入門必學:如何挑選合格的咖啡生豆並篩選瑕疵豆' |
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'專業咖啡師交流 請關注咖啡工房(微信公衆號cafe_style ) 這篇提供給重度咖啡知識者,或是計劃當烘豆師的讀者,採購咖啡生豆之前的購買注意事項。 挑豆子很需要耐心。 作者=韓懷宗 從帶殼豆取出的精品咖啡,在出口前,必須根據豆子的(1)缺陷級數(2)豆' |
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'<img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/171021/3-1G0211404042H.jpg" style="width: 640px; height: 368px;" /><br />
<span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: 微軟雅黑, 黑體, Arial; font-size: 14px;">專業咖啡師交流 請關注咖啡工房(微信公衆號cafe_style )</span><br />
<br />
<div>
這篇提供給重度咖啡知識者,或是計劃當烘豆師的讀者,採購咖啡生豆之前的購買注意事項。 挑豆子很需要耐心。</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
作者=韓懷宗</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
從帶殼豆取出的精品咖啡,在出口前,必須根據豆子的(1)缺陷級數(2)豆體長寬(3)海拔高度(4)杯測質量,來區分優劣等級。 其中最費工、嚴重影響杯測的,當屬瑕疵豆比例的統計工作。 國際慣用的生豆分級制有“美國精品咖啡協會生豆分級制”以及“巴西生豆分級制”兩大系統,前者專供精品咖啡使用,後者適合大宗商業用豆,本書僅就前者稍加說明。</div>
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“美國精品咖啡協會生豆分級制”對嚴重影響杯測的重大缺陷豆加重扣分,對輕度影響杯測的缺點豆則採容忍態度。 所謂重大缺陷豆係指黑色豆,包括髮黴豆、蟲蛀豆、熟爛豆、臭豆等黑黝黝的生豆。 另外,還有一類未熟豆,即所謂“白目豆”(Quaker),這也是此分級制除之而後快的要犯。 “白目豆”大小與成熟豆相差不大,若不仔細看不易分辨出,特徵是有不正常的綠或灰綠色,且豆表皺紋明顯,平常夾雜在生豆中不易發現,但烘焙後就很容易挑出,因爲發育不全的未熟豆不易受熱着色,顏色很淺,每爐多少會有這種顏色淺得很礙眼的豆子破壞美觀 。 如果烘焙前未事先挑除,出爐後務必把這些無法上色的“白目豆”挑除,以免少數酸澀燥苦的未熟豆壞了一爐好豆。</div>
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<div>
●購買生豆關鍵:聞、看、摸</div>
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產地咖啡出口前雖經過多道把關驗收與分級工作,原則上愈高等級,瑕疵豆愈少,但仍難保漏網壞豆混入其中,因此買生豆前莫忘觀其色、聞其味、摸其質。</div>
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先察看豆子大小是否一致,這攸關烘焙的均勻度。 如果大小摻雜不齊,表示分級粗糙。 原則上,買18目的級別,豆體大小多半介於17至18目;買16目的豆,則介於15目與16目間,落差頂多一目。 若大小差別過大,就不是精品級。</div>
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</div>
<div>
接着看看豆色如何。 水洗豆應該呈藍綠或淺綠。 如果色澤不一,表示乾燥過程有問題,豆體出現斑紋或邊緣較淡或泛白,這就是受潮豆,易孳生黴菌。 如果整顆呈泛白色或褪色的綠,就是乾燥不均,可能是咖啡水洗後,移至曬豆場時,鋪層太厚或忘了上下翻動豆子,造成乾燥不均或受潮,喝來有肥皂味。 泛白豆或褪色豆也可能是氧化所致或遭到污染。 當然,生豆儲存過久,含水量太低,也可能從藍綠褪爲枯白,雖然好烘卻豆味盡失。 另外還要再看看豆子形狀。 如果豆相不一,表示摻入其他品種,最常見的是卡提摩混入鐵比卡或波旁豆裏牟利,亦非精品等級應有現象。 至於依附豆表的銀皮多寡,倒無傷大雅。 日曬豆的銀皮會比水洗豆多。</div>
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<div>
看完豆色和豆相後,必須拿來聞。 精品豆有一股清甜香氣,但發酵過度或保存不當的生豆會有刺鼻的化學味、黴腥味或雜味。 最後,捧起一些生豆感受一下豆子的質142地;如果太硬脆,容易斷裂,表示機械乾燥時溫度太高;如果摸來軟嫩嫩的,表示乾燥處理不夠,水分太高,很容易染上黴菌變白或變暗,當敬謝不敏。 簡單來說,就是“看來整齊、聞來宜人、摸來稱頭”的豆,纔是上選好豆。</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
買回豆子烘焙前,務必再檢視一下,剔除突兀豆或雜碎物。 烘焙前的挑豆工作雖然費時,樂子卻不少,舉凡玉米、稻竿、小石,乾枝、碎葉、胡椒、蟲屍、彈殼,無奇不有,不妨收進私房的“挑豆博物館”,亦可感受一下栽植地的另類“地域之味”! 俟出爐後,再挑一次豆,揀掉不易上色的“白目豆”,才大功告成。</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
韓懷宗</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
著作:《新版咖啡學:祕史、精品豆、北歐技法與烘焙概論》─2014 《精品咖啡學上:淺焙、單品、莊園豆──第三波精品咖啡大百科》─2012 《精品咖啡學下:杯測、風味輪、金盃準則──咖啡老饕的入門天書》─2012 《咖啡學:祕史 、精品豆、與烘焙入門》─2008</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
譯作: 《Starbucks:咖啡王國傳奇》─1998 《咖啡萬歲:小咖啡如何改變大世界》─2000</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
內容來源=《新版咖啡學》</div>
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'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html',
'mid' => 'article',
'pcatpost' => 1,
'topid' => '1',
'domain' => '',
'catids' =>
array (
0 => '320',
),
'is_post' => 1,
'mobile_domain' => '',
'tid' => 1,
'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-zixun/waiguokafeixinxi.html',
'total' => 13,
'field' =>
array (
),
),
323 =>
array (
'id' => '323',
'pid' => '2',
'pids' => '0,1,2',
'name' => '7月資訊',
'dirname' => '7yuezixun',
'pdirname' => 'kafeixinwen/zixun/',
'child' => 0,
'childids' => 323,
'thumb' => '',
'show' => '1',
'setting' =>
array (
'edit' => 1,
'disabled' => 0,
'getchild' => 1,
'linkurl' => '',
'urlrule' => 3,
'seo' =>
array (
'list_title' => '[第{page}頁{join}]{catpname}{join}{modname}{join}{SITE_NAME}',
'list_keywords' => '',
'list_description' => '',
),
'template' =>
array (
'pagesize' => 20,
'mpagesize' => 20,
'page' => 'page.html',
'list' => 'list.html',
'category' => 'category.html',
'search' => 'search.html',
'show' => 'show.html',
),
'cat_field' => '',
'module_field' => '',
'html' => 0,
),
'displayorder' => '0',
'acount' => '1',
'namerule' => '{typedir}{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html',
'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html',
'mid' => 'article',
'pcatpost' => 1,
'topid' => '1',
'domain' => '',
'catids' =>
array (
0 => '323',
),
'is_post' => 1,
'mobile_domain' => '',
'tid' => 1,
'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-7yuezixun.html',
'total' => 1,
'field' =>
array (
),
),
) |
urlrule |
'/views-110499-[page].html' |
fix_html_now_url |
'' |
my_web_url |
'https://test.gafei.com/views-110499' |
get |
array (
's' => 'article',
'c' => 'show',
'id' => '110499',
'm' => 'index',
) |