作者:中國咖啡交易網 來源:咖啡豆: 咖啡新聞 > 咖啡資訊 > 2025-04-05 07:58:14
咖啡的歷史2008-01-02 12:40一、發現咖啡
相傳在公元5世紀前後,埃塞俄比亞高原上,有一個年輕的牧羊人偶然發現自己的羊喫了一顆灌木上結出的紅色果實變得異常興奮,年輕的牧羊人覺得奇怪,就摘下幾顆果實嚐了嚐,馬上自己也變得興奮起來。很快,牧羊人的發現被城裏的一個叫阿庫巴(Aucuba)的修士知道了,於是他採摘了許多這種野生的果實帶回修道院給修士們飲用,這樣修士們在晚祈禱的時候就再也不會睏倦了,而咖啡這種野生植物從此逐漸演變成當地人的日常飲料。
在咖啡被廣泛利用的第一個世紀裏,非洲的祖先們並不是以我們現在的方法飲用咖啡,而是將咖啡紅色的果實和綠色的葉子一起放在水中煮後飲用,或用咖啡果實釀酒,這兩種方法至今還在埃塞俄比亞的某些地方流行着。
另外還有一種食用咖啡的方法就是把咖啡果實中的兩顆咖啡豆磨碎,在外面裹上動物脂肪,這樣,一來可以充飢,二來可以提神,是長途旅行者和非洲戰士遠征期間非常好的食物。
隨着埃塞俄比亞對阿拉伯半島的入侵,咖啡也逐漸在當地盛行起來,在以後的幾個世紀中,咖啡在阿拉伯半島一直作爲伊斯蘭教徒提神醒腦、補充精力或是醫治疾病的具有特殊療效的藥飲,同時,人們製作咖啡的方法也日趨完善。直到公元15 世紀前後,咖啡才作爲一種大衆飲料在普通人當中廣爲傳播。
咖啡在阿拉伯半島南部成爲大衆喜歡的飲料之後,被到聖地麥加朝聖的穆斯林紛紛帶回家鄉,從此咖啡開始在伊斯蘭教國家盛行開來,並登陸土耳其和波斯,最終成爲人們休閒聊天時的飲品。
據傳世界上第一間咖啡館誕生於15世紀的土耳其首都君士坦丁堡。
二、流芳歐亞
1615年,無孔不入的商人將咖啡販運到歐洲的威尼斯港,雖然咖啡作爲植物不適宜在歐洲生長,但作爲飲料其魅力確無法抗拒。起初,意大利神職人員曾因其來自異教地區,而認爲這是魔鬼的飲料,稱其爲“撒旦的傑作”,他們曾經向教皇建議加以取締,大主教克雷門八世(Clement VIII)爲平衆議決定親自品嚐這種備受爭議的飲料,他小心翼翼地從杯中啜了一小口,頓時被咖啡的美味征服了,當即讚歎道:“讓咖啡受洗,成爲上帝的飲料吧!”從此,咖啡堂而皇之地走入歐洲上流社會。
爲了更好地享用咖啡,歐洲國家紛紛想方設法在自己的亞洲殖民地種植推廣咖啡,1699年,一個叫扎維德克倫(Henricus Zwaaydccroon)的荷蘭人成功地將一棵咖啡枝移種在印尼地爪哇島,接着,咖啡種植被推廣到同屬荷蘭殖民地的蘇門答臘島和西里斯島,從此咖啡在亞洲茁壯成長。
中國咖啡種植業起始於19世紀末地臺灣和雲南,隨着殖民者的入侵和鐵路的貫通,咖啡漸漸引入中國內地,自此,雲南咖啡的種植從未中斷過,今天在國內銷售的麥斯維爾和雀巢品牌的咖啡製品,其原料幾乎全部來自中國本土。
三、登陸美洲
16世紀初,法國軍官德克魯(De Clicu)接受法王路易十四的委託,經過艱難的海上航行,終於將一個咖啡樹幼苗帶上了加勒比小島馬提尼克,最終咖啡被成功移植到島上,德克魯也因受到對待英雄般的歡迎。如今加勒比海國家已經成爲世界咖啡的主要產地,但是,小島馬提尼克的咖啡產量卻已接近零。
爲了打破法國人對美洲咖啡種植業的壟斷,一個叫德米洛.帕赫塔(Franeisco Demello Palheta)的巴西人用自己的魅力征服了法屬圭亞那總督的夫人,勸說總督夫人在花束中暗藏咖啡種子,終於將咖啡傳播到了南美洲。今天,巴西已成爲世界上最大的咖啡生產國。
四、風靡全球
作爲飲料,咖啡不僅在非洲、歐洲、美洲大行起道,近年在傳統上以茶爲主要飲料的亞洲國家也開始風行。在日本、東南亞地區,咖啡館星羅棋佈,各種街邊的咖啡檔數不勝數,滿足了各階層咖啡愛好者的需要。在中國,咖啡也正慢慢被引進被接受,現在許多人開始以飲咖啡爲一項時髦且高尚的休閒聚會方式,隨着生活水平的進一步提高,相信還會有越來越多的人加入咖啡愛好者的行列中來。如今,咖啡已成爲全球最多人飲用的飲料,是名副其實的“飲料之王”,全球年消費量高達700多萬噸。
咖啡的產地和品種2008-01-05 12:15
一、咖啡產地:
1、自然條件
咖啡,常綠色小喬木或灌木,茜草科(Rubiaceae),葉子長卵形,前端尖,花白色,有香味,結漿果,深紅色,內有兩顆種了,將種子炒熟製成粉,可以做飲料,有興奮和健胃的作用,產在熱帶和亞熱帶地區。
今天,全世界大概有70個國家生產咖啡,他們主要分佈在北緯28。至南緯38。之間,這一地帶多屬熱帶和亞熱帶氣候,而氣候是能否種植咖啡的決定因素。另外也有人把南北迴歸線之間的地帶稱爲“咖啡帶”,因爲世界上最負盛名的咖啡產區大都集中在這個地帶。
一般來說,氣候溫暖,充足的日照和降雨是咖啡生長的必然條件,所有咖啡產地的年平均氣溫均保持在15~25℃之間,自然降雨量也能達到1000~2000毫米/年,並且各月降雨量比較平均。最重要的是,所有咖啡產區通常無霜降,因爲霜降是咖啡的天然殺手。
海拔高度是另一重要條件。世界上的咖啡產區分佈在海拔300~2000米的範圍內,多數集中在海拔300~400米的地區,也有少量咖啡產於海拔2000米以上的高山地區,而高質量的咖啡往往生長在海拔1000米的山坡,如牙買加藍山咖啡等。
除了以上兩點,土壤條件也是對咖啡生產影響極大的因素之一。適宜咖啡種植的土壤性質要偏酸,PH值在5.5~6.5之間最爲理想,而且土壤要疏鬆、肥沃、土層深厚、排水良好,幾個世紀的咖啡種植證明,含有火山灰質的土壤對咖啡的生長非常有益,目前,世界上著名的咖啡產區也恰恰是火山頻繁活動的地區。
2、咖啡產區
巴西(Brazil):是世界上最大的咖啡生產國,產量佔世界總產量的30%,生產品種大多數是阿拉比卡咖啡。巴西咖啡總體特點是香味適中、口感柔滑,幾乎無酸味,是拼配意大利濃縮咖啡的主要原料。由於品種繁雜,加上實行機械化採摘,曬乾法處理,加工過程中難免混入大量雜質雜味,所以總體來講巴西咖啡屬中低檔產品,常作爲基底材料與其它優質單品豆混合。當地最好咖啡品種是“山度士”(Sontos),這是以巴西主要咖啡出口港山度士港(Porto de Santos)命名的咖啡,而“山度士”中又以產自米納斯吉拉斯州(Minas Gerais)的咖啡質量最好。
哥倫比亞(Colombia):產自安第斯山脈的哥倫比亞咖啡,是世界上少有的以國家名稱命名的咖啡,其產量約佔全世界咖啡產量的12%,哥倫比亞也成爲僅次於巴西的世界第二大咖啡生產國。哥倫比亞咖啡全部屬阿拉比卡種,由於其優良的自然環境,加上傳統的手工採摘去皮等精加工方式,保證了哥倫比亞咖啡成爲世界上最優質的咖啡品牌。代表性的咖啡有:哥倫比亞特級(Supremo)、哥倫比亞特優(Excelso)、哥倫比亞優等(Extra)。哥倫比亞特級不僅來自於它品質最佳,而且咖啡豆的個體也最大。
牙買加(Jamaica):地處中美洲的牙買加是世界最頂級咖啡產地,享譽世界的藍山咖啡(Blue Mountain)即產自此地,所謂藍山咖啡是指產於藍山山脈海拔609米以上地區的咖啡,其產量約佔整個藍山地區咖啡產量的15%,年產約700噸,量極底。此外,藍山地區生產的咖啡還包括高山咖啡(High Mountain)和牙買加優等水洗咖啡(Prime Washed Jamaican),品質雖比藍山咖啡略遜,但也屬世界高品質咖啡。
夏威夷(Hawaii):夏威夷羣島是美國的第五十個州,也是美國唯一能種植咖啡的地區,龐大的消費市場加上適宜的自然條件,使咖啡種植業成爲當地主要的經濟支柱,其中著名的夏威夷可那咖啡(Kona)即產自夏威夷島可那地區的西部和南部。
印度尼西亞(Indonesia):包括蘇門答臘島、爪哇島和蘇拉威西島,是亞洲最早種植咖啡的地區,亞洲最大的咖啡生產國,也是世界最主要的羅布斯塔種咖啡產地。最著名的咖啡品種是蘇門答臘曼特寧(Mandheling),是印尼所產少數阿拉比亞品種。
埃塞俄比亞(Ethiopia):咖啡的原產地,目前是亞洲最大的阿拉比亞豆出產國,也是世界上最重要的咖啡生產國之一。其原始的風味,令許多向往大自然的人士喜愛有加,但由於小規模的種植和落後的加工技術,使其口味十分繁雜。代表性的咖啡是哈拉爾(Harrar)。
也門(Yemen):是世界上第一個把咖啡作爲農作物進行大規模生產的國家,15世紀後數百年間,也門一直是歐洲咖啡的主要供應國,由於當時大量咖啡從也門的摩卡港轉運歐洲,摩卡咖啡(Mocha)也逐漸成爲也門及周邊地區所產咖啡的代名詞。但現在隨着氣候條件的惡劣,也門咖啡的產量正逐年減少,摩卡港也因泥沙的淤積而永遠封閉了。
此外,世界上主要的咖啡生產國還包括:
美洲:哥斯達黎加、古巴、多米尼亞、薩爾瓦多、危地馬拉、海地、洪都拉斯、墨西哥、尼加拉瓜、巴拿馬、波多黎各、玻利維亞、厄瓜多爾、祕魯、委內瑞拉等。
非洲:安哥拉、布隆迪、喀麥隆、科特迪瓦、肯尼亞、馬達加斯加、盧旺達、南非、坦桑尼亞、烏干達、扎伊爾、贊比亞、津巴布韋等。
亞洲:印度、菲律賓、中國、越南等。
太平洋地區:澳大利亞、巴布亞新幾內亞等。
二、咖啡品種
1、阿拉比卡(Arabica):
有稱阿拉伯品種,因其原產自阿拉伯半島而得名,其分支包括第皮卡(Typica)、波旁(Bourbon)、牙買加藍山(Jamaican Blue Mountain)等。現在,阿拉比亞咖啡最大的產地是南美地區,巴西、哥倫比亞、牙買加是目前全世界最主要的咖啡產地,所出產的品種就是阿拉比亞。另外在埃塞俄比亞、坦桑尼亞、安哥拉、肯尼亞、巴布亞新幾內亞、夏威夷、菲律賓、印度、印度尼西亞等地也有大面積種植。
阿拉比亞特點:屬較大的灌木,葉子呈橢圓形、深綠色,果實也是橢圓形,一般有兩顆略微扁平的豆子,豆身小而渾圓,正面呈長橢圓形,中間裂紋窄而彎曲呈S形,豆子背面的圓弧形較平整。咖啡因含量1%~1.7%。
生長條件:海拔較高,多生長在海拔900米~2000米高度之間:較耐寒,適宜的生長溫度爲15~24℃:需較大的溼度,年降雨量不少於1500毫升,同時,對栽培技術和條件也要求較高,不過由於其生長速度快、品質細膩、風味濃醇的特點,一直是世界產銷量最大的品種,約佔全世界產量的70%。
2、羅布斯塔(Robusta):
口味特點:有較強的苦味,香味差,無酸味,咖啡因含量2~4.5%,約爲阿拉比卡咖啡的一倍。適合作爲拼配咖啡或速溶咖啡。目前產量約佔世界總產量的1/3,但由於該品種對環境適應力強,不易受病蟲侵襲,易於管理,價格低廉,因此產量有逐年增長的趨勢。
生長條件:多種植在海拔200~600米的底地,喜歡溫暖的氣候,要求溫度是24~29℃,對降雨量的要求並不高,但是,該品種要靠昆蟲或風力傳授花粉,所以,咖啡從授粉到結果要9~11個月時間,相對阿拉比卡種要長。目前主要種植於東南亞地區、非洲中西部地區以及巴西科尼倫(Conilon)地區。
外觀特點:是一種介於灌木和高大喬木之間的樹種,葉片較長,顏色亮綠,樹高可達10米,但樹根卻很淺,果實比阿拉比卡咖啡的果實略圓,也略小,豆身扁圓,中間坑紋直。
3、利比利卡(Liberica)
多生長於馬來西亞和西非一帶,樹身高壯可達18米,果實及咖啡豆也很大,但因其風味獨特,需求量極底,產量也非常少,目前只輸出歐洲市場。
世界經典咖啡
牙買加藍山(Blue Mountain):世界頂極精品,豆形飽滿,比一般豆子大,味道非常微妙,酸度恰倒好處,口味清爽而雅緻,有淡淡的甜味和絕佳的醇度,非常滑潤爽口,還有無與倫比的濃烈香味,這種咖啡如採用中度烘焙,不僅可以很好地保留咖啡的原味,還會讓品嚐者在喝後的很長時間內回味出悠長的水果味。值得一提的是,真正的藍山咖啡產量極少,所以市面上標榜的藍山咖啡往往是藍山口味的拼配咖啡。
哥倫比亞特級(Supremo):這種咖啡醇度中等,酸度低,口味偏甜,有極佳的風味和令人喜悅的芳香,風味濃厚潤滑外還具備一種特殊的胡桃苦味和堅果味,這種咖啡適合中度或深度烘焙,沖泡後有隱約的甜味而且非常柔和。
巴西山度士(Sontos):巴西咖啡中最著名的品種。低酸度、醇度適中、有淡淡的甜味,由於口味柔和,因此更適合中度烘焙後單品飲用,而更多時候會與其它品種咖啡拼配製成意大利濃縮咖啡飲用。
哈拉爾(Harrar):產自埃塞俄比亞1500~2000米左右的高原上,是當地海拔最高的咖啡產地,通常分爲長豆哈拉爾、短哈拉爾和摩卡哈拉爾三種,其中,長豆哈拉爾最受歡迎,質量也最好,這種咖啡豆飽滿,有濃郁的酒香,酸味明顯,而且味道厚重濃郁。
印尼曼特寧(Mandheling):顆粒較大,豆質硬,口感豐富醇厚,醇度、苦味和香度高,不澀不酸,適合中深度以上烘焙。可供咖啡愛好者單品飲用,但大都用來調配混合咖啡。適合飯後飲用,尤受日本、德國人士的歡迎。
也門摩卡(Mocha):口味特點較鮮明,酸味較強,而且有明顯的巧克力味,同時摩卡咖啡普遍果味濃郁,含酒味及少許的辛辣和堅果味。一般採用深度烘焙,並且放置1-2天后再研磨沖泡效果中最好。由於其濃郁的特點,也常與其它咖啡豆拼配製成混合咖啡。
危地馬拉咖啡(Guatemala):酸味較強的品種之一,其味道芳醇而稍具野性。甘味甚佳,與哥倫比亞咖啡極爲相似,可單品飲用或調配用,爲中美洲生產之中性豆,所轄安提瓜島也是著名咖啡產地,其出產的愛爾普卡咖啡味道濃郁,口感豐富、略帶菸草味。
夏威夷可那(Kona):可那咖啡口味新鮮、清冽,中等醇度,有輕微的酸味,同時有濃郁的芳香,品嚐後餘味長久,最難得的是,可那咖啡具有一種兼有葡萄酒香、水果香和香料香的混合香味,從外形上看,可那咖啡堪稱世界上最美的咖啡豆,其果實飽滿,光澤鮮亮。品嚐時多采用中度烘焙。
咖啡的加工和儲存2008-01-25 23:06一、 生豆加工:
1、採摘
分爲機械採摘和手工採摘。機械採摘適用於土地平整且大面積種植的咖啡園,全世界最
多使用機械採摘咖啡的是巴西,該方法特點是成本低效率高,但採摘的咖啡豆參差不齊,品質較差。對於品質要求較高的咖啡豆一般還是採用手工採摘的方法,這種方法保證了採摘後的咖啡果實大小均勻、成熟度接近、不含其它雜質,也有利於咖啡豆的後期加工。
2、從果實到咖啡豆:
從咖啡果實到咖啡豆的加工方法大致可歸類爲幹法加工和溼法加工。
幹法加工:就是將咖啡果實利用陽光和通風等自然條件以乾燥脫水,再把乾燥的咖啡果實放入脫殼去果肉、果皮和銀皮。這種方法是最經濟傳統的加工方法,採用這種方法處理的咖啡豆能長久地保持香味,但同時也會帶有一定的環境氣味。目前非洲及亞洲國家許多地區多采用此種方法,不過隨着科技的進步,很多地方已經開始使用烘乾機烘乾咖啡果實。
溼法加工:又叫水洗法加工,採用浸泡方式篩選咖啡果實,再將篩選後的果實通過發酵、擠壓等方法去除果皮、果肉和銀皮表面粘滑的果漿,加工後的咖啡豆會保留表面的銀皮進行存儲,這種狀態下的咖啡豆稱爲“羊皮紙咖啡豆”(Parchment Coffee),一直要等到出口前才用脫皮機脫去已經乾燥的銀皮。溼法加工最大的優點是咖啡豆外觀品質優良,原味保持良好:缺點是加工成本較高,需大量的水。一般用於優質咖啡豆的加工。
二、烘焙
咖啡豆烘焙就是將生豆利用特定的設備,經過高溫方式將其中的澱粉轉化爲糖和酸性物質的過程,在這個過程中,纖維素等物質會不同程度的炭化,水分和二氧化碳會揮發掉,而蛋白質會轉化成酶,和脂肪的剩餘物質結合在一起,在咖啡表面形成油膜層,咖啡豆本身也會通過烘焙而膨脹,內部產生孔隙。經過烘焙後的咖啡豆能產生特殊的香味和不同的風味,才能用於沖泡咖啡。
咖啡豆烘焙是一項繁雜的加工工藝,具相當的專業性,想製作出可口的咖啡豆,需要有完善的設備和較高的咖啡烘焙技術,所以,除非是爲了滿足個人樂趣,一般不適合在家庭中進行。
隨着烘焙火力的大小,時間的長短,咖啡豆會呈不同深淺和味覺的變化。不同特點的咖啡豆,不同的飲用方式決定了咖啡豆烘焙度的深淺。總體來說,烘焙度淺,咖啡豆顏色會呈淺褐色,酸味強;烘焙度深,色調較深,苦味加強。傳統上將咖啡豆的烘焙分成以下八種不同的程度:
最淡烘焙(Light)——略偏黃的咖啡色,香氣和風味都不太濃郁;
淺烘焙(Cinnamon)——肉桂色,香味略佳,美式咖啡的一種;
普通烘焙(Medium)——栗色,香醇,酸味適中,美式咖啡的一種;
中烘焙(High)——比淺烘焙略濃的烘焙法,酸中帶苦,香氣和風味具佳;
中深烘焙(City)——City-詞是由New York City 而來的,是標準的烘焙法,適合哥倫比亞咖啡和紐約式咖啡;
較強烘焙(Full City)——無酸味而苦,適合冰咖啡;
強烘焙(French)——法式,也叫歐式,由於烘焙程度強,咖啡豆的脂肪滲出表面,色澤偏黑,苦味強,帶獨特香味;
最濃強烘焙(Italian)——又稱意式,烘焙度較強,咖啡豆炭化呈漆黑色,帶焦味,無香氣,適合沖泡意大利蒸汽式咖啡。
三、貯藏:
1、生豆:
炒制前的生咖啡豆只是爲了方便轉運,無須特殊的包裝條件,視各生產區的不同而定,出於經濟實用考慮,一般採用60公斤麻袋包裝,待到達目的地後再進一步深加工。當然,也會有一些與衆不同的包裝,如牙買加藍山就是以70公斤的木桶包裝。
2、熟豆:
烘焙後的咖啡豆極易與空氣中的氧氣發生氧化作用,使其所含的芳香揮發,油質劣化,產生腐敗氣味。如何保持咖啡香味,杜絕外界溫度、溼度及光照而引起的變質,是咖啡豆貯存的主要任務。
另外,由於咖啡豆烘焙後會產生相當數量的二氧化碳氣體,而二氧化碳也會減少咖啡的香味,因此熟咖啡豆的包裝除要求避免與空氣接觸外,還要設法排解咖啡豆發出的二氧化碳。目前常用的咖啡豆包裝方法有以下幾種:
柔性的非氣密性包裝:這是最經濟的一種。通常由地方小烘製廠採用,因爲他們能保證迅速地供貨,咖啡豆可及時地消耗完。該方式下的咖啡豆只能短期保存。一般不超過一週。
氣密性包裝:適於酒吧、上貨架或家庭,以小袋和罐裝爲主,咖啡裝好後抽真空並密封。由於烘焙後會產生二氧化碳,此方法只能再咖啡放置一段時間脫氣後方能進行,需有幾天的存儲期,咖啡豆放置時間應比咖啡粉更長些。由於貯存期間不需要與空氣隔開,因此成本較低。此包裝方式下的咖啡應該在10周內用完。
單向閥包裝:可以用各種密封的容器。烘焙後的咖啡放進特製的帶單向閥的密閉容器中,這種單向閥只能讓氣體排除而不會流入,保證了咖啡與外界空氣的絕緣和所產生二氧化碳的及時排出。不需要單獨貯存階段,但由於有放氣過程,香氣會有一定損失。該方式可避免腐敗味道的形成,但無法阻止香氣的損失。
加壓包裝:這是最昂貴的方式,但能保存咖啡達兩年之久。體積大小取決於用戶類型,家庭還是酒吧。在烘製幾分鐘後,咖啡就能被真空包裝。加入一些惰性氣體後,包裝內保持合適的壓力,咖啡豆在加壓下保存,使香氣留在脂肪上,由此改善了飲料的香味。
3、咖啡粉包裝
咖啡粉多用於家庭,所以多選用小包裝,一般以小袋抽真空包裝和罐裝爲主,目的是使其在咖啡粉品質發生改變前儘快用完,其中更常用的是小袋包裝,因此法較爲經濟實用,加工成本亦較低。
怎樣研磨咖啡豆2008-02-23 18:32
咖啡豆研磨的粗細程度,一般是由咖啡的沖泡方式來決定的, 下面簡單進行一下介紹:
一、顆粒的粗細與用途:
粗研磨(Coarse Grind)——顆粒粗,大小如粗砂糖。適用於法式濾壓壺、絨布過濾網、燒煮等調製方式。
中研磨(Medium Grind)——顆粒粗細介於粗砂糖和細砂糖之間。適用於絨布過濾網或紙過濾袋等調製方式。
細研磨(Fine Grind)——顆粒大小如細砂糖。適用於紙過濾袋或虹吸壺等調製方式。
極細研磨(Finest Grind)——顆粒大小如麪粉。適用於意式咖啡或土耳其咖啡。
二、研磨中的要點:
顆粒大小要均勻,才能保證均勻地提取咖啡;
研磨時溫度不能過高,保持咖啡香氣纔會散發;
咖啡的粗細要適合咖啡的抽取方式,才能最大限度地提取咖啡的各種口味。
咖啡豆研磨粗細對咖啡的影響2007-10-23 23:08
新鮮度是好咖啡第一要件,第二要務是掌握咖啡豆研磨粗細度,這直接影響到萃取效果,也就是咖啡風味的好壞及濃淡。新鮮度是好咖啡第一要件,第二要務是掌握咖啡豆研磨粗細度,這直接影響到萃取效果,也就是咖啡風味的好壞及濃淡。原則上咖啡粉愈細,泡煮時間愈長,咖啡味道就愈濃;反之,咖啡粉愈粗,泡煮時間愈短,味道就愈淡。原則上咖啡粉愈細,泡煮時間愈長,咖啡味道就愈濃;反之,咖啡粉愈粗,泡煮時間愈短,味道就愈淡。可以這麼說,萃取時間愈長,豆就要磨得愈粗,以免造成過度萃取,苦澀不堪;萃取時間愈短,豆就要磨得愈細,以免萃取不足。可以這麼說,萃取時間愈長,豆就要磨得愈粗,以免造成過度萃取,苦澀不堪;萃取時間愈短,豆就要磨得愈細,以免萃取不足。舉例來說,法式濾壓壺的萃取時間在三、四分鐘左右,宜採粗研磨,家用手按式磨豆機(即俗稱砍豆機)按下七至十秒即可鬆手,如果磨得太細,容易喝到咖啡渣並有焦苦味。舉例來說,法式濾壓壺的萃取時間在三、四分鐘左右,宜採粗研磨,家用手按式磨豆機(即俗稱砍豆機)按下七至十秒即可鬆手,如果磨得太細,容易喝到咖啡渣並有焦苦味。濾紙或塞風泡煮法,因爲萃取時間比較短,約在一、兩分鐘左右,咖啡豆就要磨得比法式濾壓壺細一點,約在十至十五秒左右。濾紙或塞風泡煮法,因爲萃取時間比較短,約在一、兩分鐘左右,咖啡豆就要磨得比法式濾壓壺細一點,約在十至十五秒左右。 搬家公司
摩卡壺就比較複雜,這與使用的加熱能源有關,如果是瓦斯爐,火候較猛,最好磨粗一點,以免萃取過度。摩卡壺就比較複雜,這與使用的加熱能源有關,如果是瓦斯爐,火候較猛,最好磨粗一點,以免萃取過度。 建議採用電磁爐或酒精燈,火力比較好控制,否則摩卡壺很容易泡出苦澀濃烈又咬喉的嗆咖啡。建議採用電磁爐或酒精燈,火力比較好控制,否則摩卡壺很容易泡出苦澀濃烈又咬喉的嗆咖啡。 摩卡壺的萃取時間又比法式濾壓壺、濾紙或塞風爲短,因此咖啡粉要稍細一點,研磨細時間約在十五秒至二十秒左右,如果火源較大可磨粗一點,火源較小可磨細一點,彈性空間蠻大。摩卡壺的萃取時間又比法式濾壓壺、濾紙或塞風爲短,因此咖啡粉要稍細一點,研磨細時間約在十五秒至二十秒左右,如果火源較大可磨粗一點,火源較小可磨細一點,彈性空間蠻大。 歸納以上重點,各式泡法因萃取時間長短有別,咖啡粉所需的粗細度也不同,原則上萃取時間愈短,顆粒要愈細,萃取時間愈長,顆粒要愈粗。歸納以上重點,各式泡法因萃取時間長短有別,咖啡粉所需的粗細度也不同,原則上萃取時間愈短,顆粒要愈細,萃取時間愈長,顆粒要愈粗。
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2014-06-11 10:50:17 責任編輯:中國咖啡交易網
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id | '692' |
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title | '女人每天喝咖啡胸部真的會變小嗎' |
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keywords | '咖啡機,咖啡豆' |
description | ' 【導讀】最近,瑞典科學家的一項新發現在微博上熱傳,轉發近千次。微博指出,如果女孩每天喝咖啡超過三杯,她們的乳房就會變小。腫瘤研' |
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content | '<p> 這項研究對近300名女性進行了檢測。但是隆德大學的海倫娜·金斯洛姆表示,女性沒有必要因爲這一研究結果整天提心吊膽。</p> <p> 她解釋說,喝咖啡的女性不必擔心她們的乳房會在一夜間變小。乳房雖然會變小一些,但是並不會完全消失。如果誰想根據女人的胸罩尺碼判斷哪些人喝咖啡,那麼最終他會大失所望。胸罩有兩個尺寸,一個是罩杯大小,另一個是胸罩的周長,因此很難根據胸罩斷定哪些女人喝咖啡。</p> <p style="text-align: center;"> <img alt="女人每天喝咖啡胸部真的會變小嗎" src="/uploads/allimg/140509/2-1405091440413M.jpg" style="width: 500px; height: 375px;" /><br /> 女人每天喝咖啡胸部真的會變小嗎</p> <br /> <p> 相反,雖然咖啡因可能會使女性的乳房縮小,但是喝咖啡的男性卻會出現另一個結果,他們的“乳房”會增大。研究同時發現,咖啡因也有有益的一面,它有助於降低女性患乳腺癌的風險。</p> <p> 查閱原文發現,這項研究被髮表在《英國癌症雜誌》上。與微博原文不同的是,瑞典隆德大學科研人員的這項研究所發表的相關論文裏,其實還提到了很重要的兩種CYP1A2*1F基因。有了它們,才讓咖啡攝取與胸部大小,存在不同的影響結果。</p> <p> 論文中提到,在1996年到2006年之間,研究者通過對269名健康女性生活習慣的調查、檢測CYP1A2*1F基因類型,並收集她們胸部大小的數據, 對這些數據進行統計分析。發現存在CYP1A2*1FC-allele基因的實驗對象,每天喝大量咖啡的女孩,乳房比喝咖啡少的女孩要小;而存在 CYP1A2*1FA/A基因的實驗對象,攝入咖啡的多少與乳房大小則幾乎沒什麼關聯。</p> <p> “這樣的調查研究,結果只是發現了一部分人的咖啡攝入量,與胸部大小表現出相關性。並不能說明每天喝3杯咖啡,就能導致胸部縮小。”專家認爲,按照微博原 文的結論,需要進行三組對照實驗:一組人每天喝3杯咖啡、一組人每天喝1杯咖啡、一組人什麼也不喝。除此之外,還要求這三組人的飲食、生活作息完全一致。 這些實驗內容,在相關論文裏卻完全沒有提及,因此這一研究並不靠譜。</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> ' |
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meta_description | ' 【導讀】最近,瑞典科學家的一項新發現在微博上熱傳,轉發近千次。微博指出,如果女孩每天喝咖啡超過三杯,她們的乳房就會變小。腫瘤研' |
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'child' => 0, 'childids' => 669, 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '花式咖啡_自制花式咖啡有哪些_花式咖啡教學', 'list_keywords' => '花式咖啡', 'list_description' => '花式咖啡就是加入了調味品以及其他飲品的咖啡。 1--花式咖啡不只是拉花。其實花式咖啡並不需要拉花,拉花只是爲了咖啡的造型更好看一點,可拉也可不拉。花式咖啡無非比單品咖啡多加些其他原料,比如:牛奶、巧克力醬、酒、茶、奶油等。花式咖啡沒有太多的定義,也不能算是真正的咖啡,只能算是一種飲料。你自己也可以做', ), 'template' => array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '40', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '4', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '669', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-huashikafei.html', 'total' => 40, 'field' => array ( ), ), 670 => array ( 'id' => '670', 'pid' => '4', 'pids' => '0,4', 'name' => '愛爾蘭咖啡', 'dirname' => 'aierlankafei', 'pdirname' => 'kafeizhishi/', 'child' => 0, 'childids' => 670, 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '愛爾蘭咖啡_愛爾蘭咖啡的做法_愛爾蘭咖啡的故事', 'list_keywords' => '愛爾蘭咖啡的故事', 'list_description' => '愛爾蘭咖啡並不是傳統意義上的咖啡。愛爾蘭咖啡可以代表愛爾蘭人追求自由的精神。愛爾蘭咖啡名字裏就帶著一陣威士忌濃烈的薰香,愛爾蘭人視威士忌如生命,也少不了在咖啡中做些手腳!以威士忌調成的愛爾蘭咖啡,更能將咖啡的酸甜味道襯托出來,讓你在品味咖啡的同時感受到酒精的濃烈。一杯愛爾蘭咖啡就像冬晨冉冉升起的太陽', ), 'template' => array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '14', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '4', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '670', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-aierlankafei.html', 'total' => 14, 'field' => array ( ), ), 671 => array ( 'id' => '671', 'pid' => '4', 'pids' => '0,4', 'name' => '炭燒咖啡', 'dirname' => 'tanshaokafei', 'pdirname' => 'kafeizhishi/', 'child' => 0, 'childids' => 671, 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '炭燒咖啡_碳燒咖啡_藍山炭燒咖啡多少錢', 'list_keywords' => '', 'list_description' => '碳燒咖啡,又名苦咖啡,是指烘焙咖啡的火源是用碳火,有時還採用特殊木材作爲燃料,碳燒咖啡的起源是據說是日本所研發的口味,用碳火所烘烤出來的咖啡豆會帶有木香味,而不是碳燒味。而純粹的重焙造就了這種碳燒咖啡獨特的口味,其香味特殊,甘,醇,濃郁,極苦。', ), 'template' => array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '8', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '4', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '671', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-tanshaokafei.html', 'total' => 8, 'field' => array ( ), ), 672 => array ( 'id' => '672', 'pid' => '4', 'pids' => '0,4', 'name' => '冷萃咖啡', 'dirname' => 'lingcuikafei', 'pdirname' => 'kafeizhishi/', 'child' => 0, 'childids' => 672, 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '冷萃咖啡_冷泡咖啡_冰釀咖啡_星巴克冷萃咖啡', 'list_keywords' => '', 'list_description' => '冷萃咖啡Cold Brew Coffee就是用冷水浸泡咖啡粉12小時以上進行萃取再過濾,類似冷泡茶的做法。極端一點的,採用冰水混合物浸泡咖啡(冰滴就是這個原理,冰塊融化滴入咖啡粉,要滴一天),或者時間延長至48小時。', ), 'template' => array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '40', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '4', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '672', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-lingcuikafei.html', 'total' => 40, 'field' => array ( ), ), 673 => array ( 'id' => '673', 'pid' => '4', 'pids' => '0,4', 'name' => '咖啡培訓', 'dirname' => 'kafeipeixun', 'pdirname' => 'kafeizhishi/', 'child' => 0, 'childids' => 673, 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '咖啡培訓_咖啡師培訓_咖啡學院_最好的咖啡學校', 'list_keywords' => '咖啡培訓_咖啡師培訓_咖啡學院_最好的咖啡學校', 'list_description' => '咖啡師的入行門檻低,待遇亦不錯,“而且咖啡是僅次於石油的第二大貿易商品,咖啡因此也被稱爲‘黑金’(Black Gold),全世界都有咖啡店,大家也喜愛咖啡,擁有這門專業的話,去哪裏工作都可以呀', ), 'template' => array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '38', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '4', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '673', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-kafeipeixun.html', 'total' => 38, 'field' => array ( ), ), ) |
urlrule | '/views-692-[page].html' |
fix_html_now_url | '' |
my_web_url | 'https://test.gafei.com/views-692' |
get | array ( 's' => 'article', 'c' => 'show', 'id' => '692', 'm' => 'index', ) |
App.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/App.php |
Autoload.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Autoload.php |
Cache.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Cache.php |
Cache.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Cache.php |
CodeIgniter.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/CodeIgniter.php |
Constants.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Constants.php |
Content.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Model/Content.php |
ContentSecurityPolicy.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/ContentSecurityPolicy.php |
Cookie.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Cookie.php |
Database.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Database.php |
Date.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Date.php |
Exceptions.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Exceptions.php |
Exceptions.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/Exceptions.php |
Field.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Field.php |
File.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Field/File.php |
Filters.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Filters.php |
Helper.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Helper.php |
Hooks.php | FCPATH/App/Bdts/Config/Hooks.php |
Hooks.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Hooks.php |
Init.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Init.php |
Input.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Input.php |
Kint.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Kint.php |
Lang.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Lang.php |
Logger.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Logger.php |
Member.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Model/Member.php |
Model.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Model.php |
Module.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/Home/Module.php |
Modules.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Modules.php |
Paths.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Paths.php |
Phpcmf.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Phpcmf.php |
Request.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/Request.php |
Router.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Router.php |
Router.php | FCPATH/My/Library/Router.php |
Routes.php | APPPATH/Config/Routes.php |
Routes.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Routes.php |
Security.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Security.php |
Seo.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Seo.php |
Service.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Service.php |
Services.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Services.php |
Show.php | APPPATH/Controllers/Show.php |
Text.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Text.php |
Textarea.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Textarea.php |
Toolbar.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Toolbar.php |
Ueditor.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Ueditor.php |
UserAgents.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/UserAgents.php |
Version.php | FCPATH/My/Config/Version.php |
View.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Config/View.php |
View.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/View.php |
View.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/View.php |
_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_new_recommend_1.htm.cache.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/template/_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_new_recommend_1.htm.cache.php |
_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_new_recommend_2.htm.cache.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/template/_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_new_recommend_2.htm.cache.php |
_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_show.html.cache.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/template/_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_show.html.cache.php |
cache.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/cache.php |
custom.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/custom.php |
database.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/database.php |
domain_app.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/domain_app.php |
domain_client.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/domain_client.php |
hooks.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/hooks.php |
index.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/hk/index.php |
lang.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/hk/api/language/zh-cn/lang.php |
memcached.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/memcached.php |
redis.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/redis.php |
rewrite.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/rewrite.php |
site.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/site.php |
system.php | /data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/system.php |
AutoloadConfig.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/AutoloadConfig.php |
Autoloader.php | SYSTEMPATH/Autoloader/Autoloader.php |
BaseBuilder.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/BaseBuilder.php |
BaseCollector.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/BaseCollector.php |
BaseConfig.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/BaseConfig.php |
BaseConnection.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/BaseConnection.php |
BaseHandler.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cache/Handlers/BaseHandler.php |
BaseResult.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/BaseResult.php |
BaseService.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/BaseService.php |
Builder.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/MySQLi/Builder.php |
CacheFactory.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cache/CacheFactory.php |
CacheInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cache/CacheInterface.php |
CliRenderer.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/CliRenderer.php |
CloneableCookieInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/CloneableCookieInterface.php |
CodeIgniter.php | SYSTEMPATH/CodeIgniter.php |
Common.php | SYSTEMPATH/Common.php |
Config.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Config.php |
Config.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/Config.php |
Connection.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/MySQLi/Connection.php |
ConnectionInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/ConnectionInterface.php |
ContentSecurityPolicy.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/ContentSecurityPolicy.php |
Controller.php | SYSTEMPATH/Controller.php |
Cookie.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/Cookie.php |
CookieInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/CookieInterface.php |
CookieStore.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/CookieStore.php |
Database.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/Database.php |
Database.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Database.php |
DebugToolbar.php | SYSTEMPATH/Filters/DebugToolbar.php |
DotEnv.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/DotEnv.php |
Escaper.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Escaper/Escaper.php |
Events.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Events.php |
Events.php | SYSTEMPATH/Events/Events.php |
Exceptions.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Exceptions.php |
Factories.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Factories.php |
Factory.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Factory.php |
FileLocator.php | SYSTEMPATH/Autoloader/FileLocator.php |
Files.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Files.php |
FilterInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Filters/FilterInterface.php |
Filters.php | SYSTEMPATH/Filters/Filters.php |
Header.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Header.php |
IncomingRequest.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/IncomingRequest.php |
Kint.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Kint.php |
Logger.php | SYSTEMPATH/Log/Logger.php |
LoggerInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/PSR/Log/LoggerInterface.php |
Logs.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Logs.php |
Message.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Message.php |
MessageInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/MessageInterface.php |
MessageTrait.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/MessageTrait.php |
Modules.php | SYSTEMPATH/Modules/Modules.php |
Query.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/Query.php |
QueryInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/QueryInterface.php |
RedisHandler.php | SYSTEMPATH/Cache/Handlers/RedisHandler.php |
Renderer.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/Renderer.php |
RendererInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/View/RendererInterface.php |
Request.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Request.php |
RequestInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/RequestInterface.php |
RequestTrait.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/RequestTrait.php |
Response.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Response.php |
ResponseInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/ResponseInterface.php |
ResponseTrait.php | SYSTEMPATH/API/ResponseTrait.php |
ResponseTrait.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/ResponseTrait.php |
Result.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/MySQLi/Result.php |
ResultInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Database/ResultInterface.php |
RichRenderer.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/RichRenderer.php |
RouteCollection.php | SYSTEMPATH/Router/RouteCollection.php |
RouteCollectionInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Router/RouteCollectionInterface.php |
Router.php | SYSTEMPATH/Router/Router.php |
RouterInterface.php | SYSTEMPATH/Router/RouterInterface.php |
Routes.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Routes.php |
Routes.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Routes.php |
Services.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/Services.php |
TextRenderer.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/TextRenderer.php |
Timer.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Timer.php |
Timers.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Timers.php |
Toolbar.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar.php |
URI.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/URI.php |
UserAgent.php | SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/UserAgent.php |
Utils.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Utils.php |
View.php | SYSTEMPATH/Config/View.php |
View.php | SYSTEMPATH/View/View.php |
Views.php | SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Views.php |
init.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/init.php |
init_helpers.php | SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/init_helpers.php |
url_helper.php | SYSTEMPATH/Helpers/url_helper.php |
Directory: | |
Controller: | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show |
Method: | index |
Params: | 0 / 0 |
Method | Route | Handler |
---|---|---|
GET | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
HEAD | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
POST | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
PUT | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
DELETE | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
OPTIONS | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
TRACE | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
CONNECT | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
CLI | migrations/([^/]+)/([^/]+) | \CodeIgniter\Commands\MigrationsCommand::$1/$2 |
CLI | migrations/([^/]+) | \CodeIgniter\Commands\MigrationsCommand::$1 |
CLI | migrations | \CodeIgniter\Commands\MigrationsCommand::index |
CLI | ci(.*) | \CodeIgniter\CLI\CommandRunner::index/$1 |
CLI | / | \Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index |
Time | Event Name | Times Called |
---|---|---|
9.92 ms | pre_system | 1 |
0.14 ms | dbquery | 9 |
Action | Datetime | Status | Method | URL | Content-Type | Is AJAX? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2025-04-05 07:58:15 | 200 | GET | https://www.world.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-05 07:58:14 | 200 | GET | https://test.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-05 07:58:13 | 200 | GET | https://madmin.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-05 07:58:12 | 200 | GET | https://www.world.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-05 07:58:08 | 200 | GET | https://cdn.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-05 07:58:07 | 200 | GET | https://www.world.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-05 07:58:05 | 200 | GET | https://bestcoffee.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-05 07:58:04 | 200 | GET | https://www.world.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-05 07:58:00 | 200 | GET | https://www.world.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-05 07:57:59 | 200 | GET | https://bestcoffee.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-05 07:57:57 | 200 | GET | https://www.world.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-05 07:57:56 | 200 | GET | https://gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-05 07:57:52 | 200 | GET | https://www.world.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-05 07:57:50 | 200 | GET | https://coffeetec.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-05 07:57:49 | 200 | GET | https://www.world.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-05 07:57:46 | 200 | GET | https://www.world.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-05 07:57:43 | 200 | GET | https://www.world.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-05 07:57:42 | 200 | GET | https://websocket.gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-05 07:57:41 | 200 | GET | https://gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-04-05 07:57:39 | 200 | GET | https://gafei.com/index.php/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No |
Session doesn't seem to be active.
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PHP SAPI: | fpm-fcgi |
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Content Security Policy Enabled: | No |