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'<p style="text-align: center; ">
<img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/150408/3-15040QJ101511.jpg" style="width: 350px; height: 262px; " /></p>
<p>
咖啡拉花藝術是一個將打成奶泡的牛奶傾倒進濃縮咖啡中,從而得到咖啡表面上帶有設計圖案的拿鐵咖啡的製作方法。拉花藝術也可以是直接在奶泡的表面上畫出簡單的美化圖案。拉花藝術特別難以一直製作,因爲製作拉花對濃縮咖啡杯和牛奶有一定的要求。並且拉花的好壞也有咖啡師的豐富經驗和製作濃縮咖啡機的質量來決定。最後,傾倒出美麗的拉花對於咖啡師來說絕對是個製作拿鐵咖啡藝術家的挑戰。</p>
<center>
<img alt="咖啡拉花藝術" height="374" src="http://www.kafeipp.com/uploads/allimg/141212/1-141212102515T2.jpg" width="598" /></center>
<p>
咖啡拉花的歷史</p>
<p>
拉花藝術在不同國家有着不同的發展。根據拉花所需的濃縮咖啡和細奶泡及製作的步驟,結合咖啡脂和奶泡製成圖案,也許拉花藝術真正的發源地在意大利。</p>
<p>
1980年至1990年間,在美國西雅圖拉花藝術得以發展。尤其是大衛·紹梅爾將咖啡拉花藝術大衆化。紹梅爾於1986年向在“Uptown espresso”咖啡館工作的傑克·凱利肯定了微泡(“天鵝絨泡沫”或“牛奶紋理”)的發展,此後1989年心形圖案成爲了紹梅爾在“Espresso Vivace”咖啡店的簽名產品。紹梅爾於1992年在看過一張意大利咖啡館“Cafe Mateki”照片上後,開創了薔薇花圖案的拉花。紹梅爾隨後在他的培訓課上普及了拿鐵咖啡拉花藝術。與此同時,意大利的路易吉·魯皮從網上與紹梅爾取得了聯繫,並分享了彼此製作拿鐵咖啡拉花和卡布其諾裝飾的視頻。</p>
<p>
咖啡拉花的成分</p>
<p>
拿鐵咖啡拉花實際上是兩種粘稠液體的混合,即:濃縮咖啡和牛奶微泡。濃縮咖啡是帶有咖啡脂(濃縮咖啡上漂浮的一層泡沫)的粘稠液體咖啡;牛奶微泡指的是用奶泡機將牛奶打成泡沫狀。牛奶本身需要全脂的液體牛奶,而咖啡則呈現濃稠的液狀。咖啡和牛奶二者均不是穩定的狀態,咖啡脂是從濃縮咖啡中分離的,而奶泡則是從液體牛奶中得到的,咖啡脂和奶泡會在短短的幾分鐘內消失殆盡,因此咖啡拉花保持的時間也很短。</p>
<p>
咖啡拉花的技術</p>
<p>
咖啡拉花首先需要製作帶有咖啡脂的濃縮咖啡和牛奶微泡,然後將二者合成製成拿鐵咖啡拉花。</p>
<p>
在添加牛奶之前,濃縮咖啡必須在表面上有足夠的咖啡脂。當白色的奶泡傾倒入紅棕色的咖啡中,鮮明的色彩對比呈現出富有創意的圖案。牛奶倒好後,奶泡從液體中分離出來,上升到表面。如果牛奶和濃縮咖啡的量“恰到好處”,奶罐隨着傾倒的動作左右移動,奶泡則會上升並在表面形成一個圖案。有時,可以用拉花針或小棍在奶泡上畫出圖案,而不一定要在澆築的過程中形成。</p>
<p>
在咖啡羣體中有這樣一個不同的觀點,咖啡師過於關注拿鐵咖啡的造型。該觀點認爲我們過於關注咖啡外在的形象,而不是關注花式咖啡本身更關鍵,如味道等因素。這對咖啡師新手來說更爲重要。</p>
<p>
咖啡拉花的種類</p>
<p>
目前有兩種拉花廣爲應用:“自由傾倒”和“雕花”。“自由傾倒”在美國咖啡館中更爲廣泛應用,這在製作咖啡時需要多一些的準備時間。</p>
<p>
傾倒</p>
<p>
最常見的傾倒拉花圖案是心形、薔薇花形和蕨類葉形。其中心形更爲容易製成,常用於製作瑪奇朵;而薔薇花形則較爲複雜,常用於製作拿鐵咖啡。更復雜的圖案也是可能的,有些圖案需要傾倒好幾次。</p>
<p>
雕花</p>
<p>
雕花的圖案可以從簡單的幾何圖形到複雜的繪畫,如帶有陰影的立體感圖形:動物、花等,並且有些圖案需要用到咖啡攪拌器來固定。採用雕花技術的拉花咖啡的壽命相比傾倒技術的要短,因爲奶泡分解得更快。</p>
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'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html',
'mid' => 'article',
'pcatpost' => 1,
'topid' => '4',
'domain' => '',
'catids' =>
array (
0 => '307',
),
'is_post' => 1,
'mobile_domain' => '',
'tid' => 1,
'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-naipao.html',
'total' => 137,
'field' =>
array (
),
),
308 =>
array (
'id' => '308',
'pid' => '33',
'pids' => '0,4,33',
'name' => '拉花',
'dirname' => 'lahua',
'pdirname' => 'kafeizhishi/kafeilahua/',
'child' => 0,
'childids' => 308,
'thumb' => '',
'show' => '1',
'setting' =>
array (
'edit' => 1,
'disabled' => 0,
'getchild' => 1,
'linkurl' => '',
'urlrule' => 3,
'seo' =>
array (
'list_title' => '[第{page}頁{join}]{catpname}{join}{modname}{join}{SITE_NAME}',
'list_keywords' => '',
'list_description' => '',
),
'template' =>
array (
'pagesize' => 20,
'mpagesize' => 20,
'page' => 'page.html',
'list' => 'list.html',
'category' => 'category.html',
'search' => 'search.html',
'show' => 'show.html',
),
'cat_field' => '',
'module_field' => '',
'html' => 0,
),
'displayorder' => '0',
'acount' => '158',
'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html',
'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html',
'mid' => 'article',
'pcatpost' => 1,
'topid' => '4',
'domain' => '',
'catids' =>
array (
0 => '308',
),
'is_post' => 1,
'mobile_domain' => '',
'tid' => 1,
'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-lahua.html',
'total' => 158,
'field' =>
array (
),
),
) |
urlrule |
'/views-28313-[page].html' |
fix_html_now_url |
'' |
my_web_url |
'https://jenkins.gafei.com/views-28313' |
get |
array (
's' => 'article',
'c' => 'show',
'id' => '28313',
'm' => 'index',
) |