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'說實話,你到底會不會喝咖啡?' |
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'喝咖啡,在大部分人的認知中,是一種高大上的行爲,全因它早年一直以昂貴且神祕的形象出現在我們的世界裏,一種在西餐廳或港式快餐的餐牌才能點到的貴价飲料,一種很苦但外國人天天喝的飲料。 但畢竟國內的咖啡風潮只是近年才風靡起來,某幾個品牌的連鎖咖啡' |
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'<p>
喝咖啡,在大部分人的認知中,是一種高大上的行爲,全因它早年一直以昂貴且神祕的形象出現在我們的世界裏,一種在西餐廳或港式快餐的餐牌才能點到的貴价飲料,一種很苦但外國人天天喝的飲料。</p>
<p>
但畢竟國內的咖啡風潮只是近年才風靡起來,某幾個品牌的連鎖咖啡店在國內遍地開花,“總有一家在左右”,使得咖啡的印象在衆人眼裏迅速從“西餐廳裏小心翼翼地點上一杯”轉變到了“逛街時候渴了隨便買一杯”。</p>
<p>
即使成爲咖啡店常客的人仍是少數,但絕大部分人也曾品嚐過速溶咖啡,或者在某個加班/備考的深夜用咖啡來換取振奮。</p>
<p>
據統計數字表明,全球人民每年要喝掉 74 億杯咖啡,但那麼多人在喝咖啡,到底有多少人知道咖啡背後的一些細節呢?</p>
<p>
咖啡已昂貴不再,但卻神祕依然,品種繁多,工藝複雜,其中更滲透了情懷和文化。喝咖啡,不要只是喝味道,更要喝出味道。</p>
<p>
裝逼界的資深會員玩物君,打算從淺到深,分享一些坐在咖啡館的時候能用上的靠譜談資。</p>
<p>
談資一:常見咖啡之間有什麼不同</p>
<p>
玩物君頭一次喝咖啡的經歷,如今仍歷歷在目:</p>
<p>
玩物君:我要一杯咖啡!</p>
<p>
收銀員:請問您要哪種咖啡呢?</p>
<p>
玩物君:哈?有什麼?</p>
<p>
收銀員:您可以看看牌子……</p>
<p>
玩物君:隨便吧,要最甜的。</p>
<p>
收銀員:推薦您喝摩卡。</p>
<p>
咳咳,這一次之後玩物君根本沒再去過那家咖啡店。即使在瞭解“常見咖啡有摩卡,卡布奇諾,焦糖瑪奇朵,拿鐵等等”之後,仍然分不出它們的口味和成份的區別……</p>
<p>
所以玩物君首先要分享一份入門級乾貨,讓大家不僅自己有所瞭解,還能安利給身邊的咖啡小白:</p>
<center>
<img alt="201306_coffee" src="/uploads/allimg/151016/1436131M9-0.jpg" /></center>
<p>
咖啡成份圖!一張圖看懂常見咖啡的組成!此前微博轉發量很大的一條消息,玩物君初見時如獲至寶。</p>
<p>
談資二:咖啡樹的種植和咖啡果實的處理</p>
<p>
咖啡樹最理想的種植條件爲:溫度介於 15-25℃ 之間的溫暖氣候,而且整年的降雨量必須達 1500-2000 毫米,同時其降雨時間,要能配合咖啡樹的開花週期。當然,除了季節和雨量的配合外,還要有肥活的土壤。最適合栽培咖啡的土壤,是排水良好,含火山灰質的肥活土壤。</p>
<center>
<img alt="Coffee-Plant" height="480" src="/uploads/allimg/151016/1436133622-1.jpg" width="640" /></center>
<p>
另外,日光雖然是咖啡成長及結果所不可欠缺的要素,但過於強烈的陽光會影響咖啡樹的成長,故各個產地通常會配合種植一些遮陽樹,在海拔 800-1200 米的咖啡品質最佳。</p>
<p>
由此可知,栽培高品質咖啡的條件相當嚴格:陽光、雨量、土壤、氣溫,以及咖啡豆採收的方式和製作過程,都會影響到咖啡本身的品質。</p>
<center>
<img alt="016" height="427" src="/uploads/allimg/151016/14361342W-2.jpg" width="640" /></center>
<p>
咖啡樹的第一次開花期約爲樹齡三年左右,白色的五瓣筒狀花朵,飄散着一種淡淡的茉莉花香,花序濃密而成串排列。花朵開花二三日之後即會凋謝,幾個月後開始結出果實。果實直徑約 1.5 釐米,最初呈綠色,後漸漸變黃,成熟後轉爲紅色,和櫻桃非常相似,此時即可採收。</p>
<center>
<img alt="inside" height="338" src="/uploads/allimg/151016/14361354Y-3.png" width="640" /></center>
<p>
咖啡果實內含有兩顆種子,也就是咖啡豆。這兩顆豆子各以其平面的一邊,面對面直立相連,如上圖:①是中央線,②是胚乳,③是銀皮,④是內果皮,⑤是膠質層,⑥是果肉,⑦是咖啡豆的外皮。咖啡果肉軟且帶有甜味。在烘焙咖啡原豆之前,咖啡的種植者們就利用自然方法或水洗方法,對這些咖啡豆進行處理。</p>
<p>
自然方法:咖啡果去殼剝出咖啡豆之前,讓成熟的咖啡果留在樹上或採下放在地上曬乾。</p>
<p>
水洗方法:將咖啡豆從咖啡果裏剝出來,再將這些咖啡豆放入水中浸泡,然後將它們放在寬敞的地坪上曬乾,或者利用現代化設備對其進行烘乾處理。</p>
<center>
<img alt="Collage granos" height="381" src="/uploads/allimg/151016/1436135A6-4.jpg" width="640" /></center>
<p>
談資三:咖啡豆的烘焙</p>
<p>
咖啡原豆要放在一個旋轉式大圓桶裏進行烘焙。經過 5 到 7 分鐘猛火高熱後,咖啡豆中的水分逐步揮發。此時,咖啡豆開始變黃,併產生香味。</p>
<center>
<img alt="coffee" height="360" src="/uploads/allimg/151016/14361353A-5.jpg" width="640" /></center>
<p>
8 分鐘之後,“第一次爆裂”開始,咖啡豆的體積膨脹一倍,並且發出噼裏啪啦的響聲。這時,它們的顏色是淺褐色的,只有非常強的酸味,因爲此時咖啡豆豐富、複雜的味道還沒有散發出來。</p>
<p>
當烘焙到 11 或 15 分鐘時(根據咖啡的種類而定),咖啡豆的滋味就全部釋放出來了,這些滋味之間大都能達到平衡。這時,“第二次爆響”開始了,這標誌着咖啡豆的烘焙過程可以結束了。將咖啡豆移置到冷卻盤,新鮮烘焙的咖啡豆香氣四溢,噼裏啪啦的聲音不絕於耳。</p>
<p>
談資四:常說的藍山咖啡、琥爵咖啡、貓屎咖啡都是什麼</p>
<p>
Blue Mountain Coffee(藍山咖啡)</p>
<p>
是一種大衆知名度較高的咖啡,只產於中美洲牙買加的藍山地區,並且只有種植在 1800 米以上的藍山地區的咖啡才能授權使用“牙買加藍山咖啡( Blue Mountain Coffee ),”的標誌,佔牙買加藍山咖啡總產量的 15%。而種植在海拔 457 米到 1524 米之間的咖啡被稱爲高山咖啡,種植在海拔 274 米至 457 米之間的咖啡稱爲牙買加咖啡。藍山咖啡擁有香醇、苦中略帶甘甜、柔潤順口的特性,而且稍微帶有酸味,能讓味覺感官更爲靈敏,品嚐出其獨特的滋味,是爲咖啡之極品。</p>
<p>
Cubita Coffee(琥爵咖啡)</p>
<p>
Cubita 咖啡,在咖啡行業同樣具有很高的聲譽,古巴水晶山咖啡在世界排名在前幾位,水晶山與牙買加的藍山山脈地理位置相鄰,氣候條件相仿,可媲美牙買加藍山咖啡。Cubita 堅持完美咖啡的原則,只做單品咖啡,咖啡豆的採摘,以手工完成的,加上水洗式處理咖啡豆,以確保咖啡的質量。Cubita 像一個優雅的公主,擁有高貴、柔情、優雅的特性。平衡度極佳,苦味與酸味很好的配合,在品嚐時會有細緻順滑,清爽淡雅的感覺。古巴大使館的指定咖啡,被稱爲獨特的加勒比海風味咖啡。</p>
<p>
Kopi Luwak(貓屎咖啡)</p>
<p>
近期發明的咖啡,產於印尼,咖啡豆是麝香貓食物範圍中的一種,但是咖啡豆不能被消化系統完全消化,咖啡豆在麝香貓腸胃內經過發酵,並經糞便排出,當地人在麝香貓糞便中取出咖啡豆後再做加工處理,也就是所謂的“貓屎”咖啡,此咖啡味道獨特,口感不同,但習慣這種味道的人會終生難忘,由於現在野生環境的逐步惡劣,麝香貓的數量也在慢慢減少,導致這種咖啡的產量也相當有限,能品到此咖啡的人是相當的有幸。</p>
<p>
附上讓玩物君蠢蠢欲動快按不穩荷包的美貌咖啡小物:</p>
<center>
<img alt="zoom_variation_Default_view_1_1278x1278" height="538" src="/uploads/allimg/151016/143613N16-6.jpg" width="640" /></center>
<p>
美貌的手動咖啡豆研磨器,可以選擇磨出的咖啡粉的粗細度,磨底可拆卸方便取出咖啡粉。</p>
<center>
<img alt="Pinch-9978_sm" height="520" src="/uploads/allimg/151016/143613Mc-7.jpg" width="640" /></center>
<p>
美貌的手衝咖啡壺,是不是很有高中時期做化學實驗的感覺?不同的是,“實驗成品”可以喝哦!實驗室級的製作工藝,竹子的底座。</p>
<p>
是的,看得出來玩物君已經厭倦了家裏那個一鍵 OK 的咖啡機了……(捂臉</p>
<p>
來源:玩物志</p>
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'name' => '咖啡資訊',
'dirname' => 'zixun',
'pdirname' => 'kafeixinwen/',
'child' => 1,
'childids' => '2,319,320,323',
'thumb' => '',
'show' => '1',
'setting' =>
array (
'edit' => 1,
'disabled' => 0,
'getchild' => 1,
'linkurl' => '',
'urlrule' => 3,
'seo' =>
array (
'list_title' => '咖啡資訊_咖啡咖啡圈最新最全的咖啡信息',
'list_keywords' => '',
'list_description' => '',
),
'template' =>
array (
'pagesize' => 20,
'mpagesize' => 20,
'page' => 'page.html',
'list' => 'list.html',
'category' => 'category.html',
'search' => 'search.html',
'show' => 'show.html',
),
'cat_field' => '',
'module_field' => '',
'html' => 0,
),
'displayorder' => '0',
'acount' => '8227',
'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html',
'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html',
'mid' => 'article',
'pcatpost' => 1,
'topid' => '1',
'domain' => '',
'catids' =>
array (
0 => '2',
1 => '319',
2 => '320',
3 => '323',
),
'is_post' => 1,
'mobile_domain' => '',
'tid' => 1,
'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-zixun.html',
'total' => 54,
'field' =>
array (
),
) |
markid |
'module-article-2' |
related |
array (
319 =>
array (
'id' => '319',
'pid' => '2',
'pids' => '0,1,2',
'name' => '咖啡比賽新聞',
'dirname' => 'kafeibisaixinwen',
'pdirname' => 'kafeixinwen/zixun/',
'child' => 0,
'childids' => 319,
'thumb' => '',
'show' => '1',
'setting' =>
array (
'edit' => 1,
'disabled' => 0,
'getchild' => 1,
'linkurl' => '',
'urlrule' => 3,
'seo' =>
array (
'list_title' => '[第{page}頁{join}]{catpname}{join}{modname}{join}{SITE_NAME}',
'list_keywords' => '',
'list_description' => '',
),
'template' =>
array (
'pagesize' => 20,
'mpagesize' => 20,
'page' => 'page.html',
'list' => 'list.html',
'category' => 'category.html',
'search' => 'search.html',
'show' => 'show.html',
),
'cat_field' => '',
'module_field' => '',
'html' => 0,
),
'displayorder' => '0',
'acount' => '40',
'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html',
'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html',
'mid' => 'article',
'pcatpost' => 1,
'topid' => '1',
'domain' => '',
'catids' =>
array (
0 => '319',
),
'is_post' => 1,
'mobile_domain' => '',
'tid' => 1,
'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-kafeibisaixinwen.html',
'total' => 40,
'field' =>
array (
),
),
320 =>
array (
'id' => '320',
'pid' => '2',
'pids' => '0,1,2',
'name' => '外國咖啡',
'dirname' => 'zixun/waiguokafeixinxi',
'pdirname' => 'kafeixinwen/zixun/',
'child' => 0,
'childids' => 320,
'thumb' => '',
'show' => '1',
'setting' =>
array (
'edit' => 1,
'disabled' => 0,
'getchild' => 1,
'linkurl' => '',
'urlrule' => 3,
'seo' =>
array (
'list_title' => '[第{page}頁{join}]{catpname}{join}{modname}{join}{SITE_NAME}',
'list_keywords' => '',
'list_description' => '',
),
'template' =>
array (
'pagesize' => 20,
'mpagesize' => 20,
'page' => 'page.html',
'list' => 'list.html',
'category' => 'category.html',
'search' => 'search.html',
'show' => 'show.html',
),
'cat_field' => '',
'module_field' => '',
'html' => 0,
),
'displayorder' => '0',
'acount' => '13',
'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}/{M}{D}/{aid}.html',
'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html',
'mid' => 'article',
'pcatpost' => 1,
'topid' => '1',
'domain' => '',
'catids' =>
array (
0 => '320',
),
'is_post' => 1,
'mobile_domain' => '',
'tid' => 1,
'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-zixun/waiguokafeixinxi.html',
'total' => 13,
'field' =>
array (
),
),
323 =>
array (
'id' => '323',
'pid' => '2',
'pids' => '0,1,2',
'name' => '7月資訊',
'dirname' => '7yuezixun',
'pdirname' => 'kafeixinwen/zixun/',
'child' => 0,
'childids' => 323,
'thumb' => '',
'show' => '1',
'setting' =>
array (
'edit' => 1,
'disabled' => 0,
'getchild' => 1,
'linkurl' => '',
'urlrule' => 3,
'seo' =>
array (
'list_title' => '[第{page}頁{join}]{catpname}{join}{modname}{join}{SITE_NAME}',
'list_keywords' => '',
'list_description' => '',
),
'template' =>
array (
'pagesize' => 20,
'mpagesize' => 20,
'page' => 'page.html',
'list' => 'list.html',
'category' => 'category.html',
'search' => 'search.html',
'show' => 'show.html',
),
'cat_field' => '',
'module_field' => '',
'html' => 0,
),
'displayorder' => '0',
'acount' => '1',
'namerule' => '{typedir}{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html',
'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html',
'mid' => 'article',
'pcatpost' => 1,
'topid' => '1',
'domain' => '',
'catids' =>
array (
0 => '323',
),
'is_post' => 1,
'mobile_domain' => '',
'tid' => 1,
'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-7yuezixun.html',
'total' => 1,
'field' =>
array (
),
),
) |
urlrule |
'/views-42058-[page].html' |
fix_html_now_url |
'' |
my_web_url |
'https://test.gafei.com/views-42058' |
get |
array (
's' => 'article',
'c' => 'show',
'id' => '42058',
'm' => 'index',
) |