| id |
'53091' |
| catid |
'33' |
| title |
'浮在咖啡表面的那層拉花到底是什麼？濃縮裏的咖啡油脂' |
| thumb |
'' |
| keywords |
'浮在,咖啡,面的,那層,拉花,到底,是什麼,濃縮,油脂,作者' |
| description |
'作者：yi zhang 鏈接：http://www.zhihu.com/question/20360485/answer/34507011 來源：知乎 著作權歸作者所有。商業轉載請聯繫作者獲得授權，非商業轉載請註明出處。 首先，浮在咖啡表面的那層拉花到底是什麼？ 可能大家都不會太多考慮這個問題。 但在科學' |
| hits |
'100' |
| uid |
'1' |
| author |
'未知' |
| status |
'9' |
| url |
'/views-53091' |
| link_id |
'0' |
| tableid |
'0' |
| inputip |
'' |
| inputtime |
'2016-04-27 14:38:27' |
| updatetime |
'2016-04-27 14:39:56' |
| displayorder |
'52884' |
| source |
'' |
| buyurl |
'' |
| videourl |
'' |
| wjm |
'' |
| biaoti |
'' |
| shopurl |
'' |
| litpic2 |
'' |
| litpic3 |
'' |
| beanrank |
'' |
| local |
'' |
| tel |
'' |
| gevideocode |
'' |
| myurl |
NULL |
| content |
'<div>
作者：yi zhang<br />
鏈接：http://www.zhihu.com/question/20360485/answer/34507011<br />
來源：知乎<br />
著作權歸作者所有。商業轉載請聯繫作者獲得授權，非商業轉載請註明出處。<br />
<br />
<div class="zm-editable-content clearfix">
首先，浮在咖啡表面的那層拉花到底是什麼？<br />
<br />
可能大家都不會太多考慮這個問題。<br />
<br />
但在科學家眼裏就是兩種微泡沫（microfoam）的混合物，顏色不同，但是可以你進入我我進入你，所以纔可以創造圖案。<br />
所以要得到這樣的花，必須使得兩種泡沫混合在一起。<br />
<br />
首先，我們得有這兩種泡沫，其次這兩種泡沫得在正確的時間正確的地點相遇。<br />
<br />
那麼第一種，我們得有來自咖啡的泡沫，crema<br />
<noscript>&lt;img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/48d29bcbc2f3a69a0de1b3f2e816952f_b.jpg" data-rawwidth="526" data-rawheight="558" class="origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb" width="526" data-original="https://pic4.zhimg.com/48d29bcbc2f3a69a0de1b3f2e816952f_r.jpg"&gt;</noscript><img class="origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb lazy" data-actualsrc="https://pic4.zhimg.com/48d29bcbc2f3a69a0de1b3f2e816952f_b.jpg" data-original="https://pic4.zhimg.com/48d29bcbc2f3a69a0de1b3f2e816952f_r.jpg" data-rawheight="558" data-rawwidth="526" src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/48d29bcbc2f3a69a0de1b3f2e816952f_b.jpg" style="width: 526px; height: 558px; display: block;" width="526" /><br />
上圖就是一張咖啡脂的照片，下面黑色部分是咖啡，上面褐色泛紅部分是咖啡脂，是用接近沸騰的熱水以高壓衝過細細研磨後壓實的咖啡粉得來，之所以是這個顏色，是因爲咖啡脂肪，其他顆粒和空氣混合體系對空氣折射的緣故。<br />
<br />
中國人一般不太喝意式咖啡，覺得太苦，事實上品嚐意式咖啡，這上面一層咖啡脂肪才重要，風味分子大多是脂溶性，所以咖啡脂是意式咖啡風味的靈魂，也是評判一杯意式咖啡和咖啡師水平好壞的關鍵。<br />
<noscript>&lt;img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/99a74768e608564cb5319cd83724cdea_b.jpg" data-rawwidth="493" data-rawheight="404" class="origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb" width="493" data-original="https://pic3.zhimg.com/99a74768e608564cb5319cd83724cdea_r.jpg"&gt;</noscript><img class="origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb lazy" data-actualsrc="https://pic3.zhimg.com/99a74768e608564cb5319cd83724cdea_b.jpg" data-original="https://pic3.zhimg.com/99a74768e608564cb5319cd83724cdea_r.jpg" data-rawheight="404" data-rawwidth="493" src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/99a74768e608564cb5319cd83724cdea_b.jpg" style="width: 493px; height: 404px; display: block;" width="493" /><br />
上圖爲咖啡脂泡沫的微觀結構圖，引用自Ernesto Illy& Luciano Navarini<br />
<br />
咖啡脂的存在往往被視爲濃縮咖啡質量的標誌，其體積要佔到濃縮咖啡的 10% 以上。咖啡脂裏面含有許多氣體，大概在總體積的一半左右。<br />
如下圖，在光學顯微鏡下觀察咖啡脂的結構，可以看出裏面含有氣泡、脂肪顆粒（一般小於 10 個微米）以及一些固體的顆粒（咖啡豆細胞壁的碎片之類） 。引用自沐右[咖啡拉花：泡沫圓舞曲 ]<br />
<br />
咖啡脂泡沫的多少除了與咖啡豆本身有關，還與packing這個技術相關，就是把咖啡粉放進小容器中再壓一下的那個動作，壓得越緊實越容易萃取出咖啡脂但是若是太緊咖啡可能流不出來，所以非常有技巧。</div>
</div>
<br />
' |
| tag |
'浮在,咖啡,面的,那層,拉花,到底,是什麼,濃縮,油脂,作者' |
| kws |
array (
'浮在' => 'https://gafei.com/article/search/keyword-%E6%B5%AE%E5%9C%A8.html',
'咖啡' => 'https://gafei.com/article/search/keyword-%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1.html',
'面的' => 'https://gafei.com/article/search/keyword-%E9%9D%A2%E7%9A%84.html',
'那層' => 'https://gafei.com/article/search/keyword-%E9%82%A3%E5%B1%A4.html',
'拉花' => 'https://gafei.com/article/search/keyword-%E6%8B%89%E8%8A%B1.html',
'到底' => 'https://gafei.com/article/search/keyword-%E5%88%B0%E5%BA%95.html',
'是什麼' => 'https://gafei.com/article/search/keyword-%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E9%BA%BC.html',
'濃縮' => 'https://gafei.com/article/search/keyword-%E6%BF%83%E7%B8%AE.html',
'油脂' => 'https://gafei.com/article/search/keyword-%E6%B2%B9%E8%84%82.html',
'作者' => 'https://gafei.com/article/search/keyword-%E4%BD%9C%E8%80%85.html',
) |
| tags |
array (
) |
| prev_page |
array (
'id' => '53089',
'catid' => '33',
'title' => '咖啡與奶的融合 拿鐵拉花 濃縮融合奶泡',
'thumb' => '',
'keywords' => '咖啡,融合,拿鐵,拉花,濃縮,奶泡,作者,馮戎,鏈接,htt',
'description' => '作者：馮戎 鏈接：http://www.zhihu.com/question/20360485/answer/28862307 來源：知乎 著作權歸作者所有。商業轉載請聯繫作者獲得授權，非商業轉載請註明出處。 咖啡融合 恭喜你到最後一步，此時你左手一杯完美的Espresso，右手一缸贊爆的發泡牛奶，下面，',
'hits' => '52',
'uid' => '1',
'author' => '未知',
'status' => '9',
'url' => 'https://gafei.com/views-53089',
'link_id' => '0',
'tableid' => '0',
'inputip' => '',
'inputtime' => '1461738999',
'updatetime' => '1461739105',
'displayorder' => '52881',
'source' => '',
'buyurl' => '',
'videourl' => '',
'wjm' => '',
'biaoti' => '',
'shopurl' => '',
'litpic2' => '',
'litpic3' => '',
'beanrank' => '',
'local' => '',
'tel' => '',
'gevideocode' => '',
'myurl' => NULL,
) |
| next_page |
array (
'id' => '53093',
'catid' => '33',
'title' => '咖啡裏的牛奶 奶泡 拉花的關鍵 牛奶的泡沫',
'thumb' => '',
'keywords' => '咖啡,牛奶,奶泡,花的,關鍵,泡沫,作者,zhang,鏈接,',
'description' => '作者：yi zhang 鏈接：http://www.zhihu.com/question/20360485/answer/34507011 來源：知乎 著作權歸作者所有。商業轉載請聯繫作者獲得授權，非商業轉載請註明出處。 牛奶的泡沫 光是這個問題，我又可以寫另外一篇文章了，如何得到恰到好處的牛奶泡沫也是一',
'hits' => '114',
'uid' => '1',
'author' => '未知',
'status' => '9',
'url' => 'https://gafei.com/views-53093',
'link_id' => '0',
'tableid' => '0',
'inputip' => '',
'inputtime' => '1461739198',
'updatetime' => '1461739254',
'displayorder' => '52886',
'source' => '',
'buyurl' => '',
'videourl' => '',
'wjm' => '',
'biaoti' => '',
'shopurl' => '',
'litpic2' => '',
'litpic3' => '',
'beanrank' => '',
'local' => '',
'tel' => '',
'gevideocode' => '',
'myurl' => NULL,
) |
| _inputtime |
'1461739107' |
| _updatetime |
'1461739196' |
| meta_title |
'浮在咖啡表面的那層拉花到底是什麼？濃縮裏的咖啡油脂_咖啡拉花_咖啡知識_中國咖啡網' |
| meta_keywords |
'浮在,咖啡,面的,那層,拉花,到底,是什麼,濃縮,油脂,作者' |
| meta_description |
'作者：yi zhang 鏈接：http://www.zhihu.com/question/20360485/answer/34507011 來源：知乎 著作權歸作者所有。商業轉載請聯繫作者獲得授權，非商業轉載請註明出處。 首先，浮在咖啡表面的那層拉花到底是什麼？ 可能大家都不會太多考慮這個問題。 但在科學' |
| cat |
array (
'id' => '33',
'pid' => '4',
'pids' => '0,4',
'name' => '咖啡拉花',
'dirname' => 'kafeilahua',
'pdirname' => 'kafeizhishi/',
'child' => 1,
'childids' => '33,307,308',
'thumb' => '',
'show' => '1',
'setting' =>
array (
'edit' => 1,
'disabled' => 0,
'getchild' => 1,
'linkurl' => '',
'urlrule' => 3,
'seo' =>
array (
'list_title' => '咖啡拉花視頻_咖啡拉花培訓_咖啡拉花教程',
'list_keywords' => '',
'list_description' => '咖啡拉花是在原始的卡布奇諾或拿鐵上做出葉子或其他圖案的工藝。拉花起源關於咖啡拉花的起源，其實一直都沒有十分明確的文獻，只知道當時在歐美國家，咖啡拉花都是在咖啡表演時，所展現的高難度專業技術，而如此的創新技巧，所展現的高難度',
),
'template' =>
array (
'pagesize' => 20,
'mpagesize' => 20,
'page' => 'page.html',
'list' => 'list.html',
'category' => 'category.html',
'search' => 'search.html',
'show' => 'show.html',
),
'cat_field' => '',
'module_field' => '',
'html' => 0,
),
'displayorder' => '0',
'acount' => '479',
'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html',
'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html',
'mid' => 'article',
'pcatpost' => 1,
'topid' => '4',
'domain' => '',
'catids' =>
array (
0 => '33',
1 => '307',
2 => '308',
),
'is_post' => 1,
'mobile_domain' => '',
'tid' => 1,
'url' => '/list-kafeilahua.html',
'total' => 295,
'field' =>
array (
),
) |
| top |
array (
'id' => '4',
'pid' => '0',
'pids' => '0',
'name' => '咖啡知識',
'dirname' => 'kafeizhishi',
'pdirname' => '',
'child' => 1,
'childids' => '4,5,187,6,33,307,308,50,53,54,55,57,58,59,60,61,657,62,93,94,100,101,170,171,172,102,656,104,106,107,109,201,306,202,286,287,324,329,369,371,373,375,376,386,388,391,392,393,659,661,663,664,665,666,668,669,670,671,672,673',
'thumb' => '',
'show' => '1',
'setting' =>
array (
'edit' => 1,
'disabled' => 0,
'getchild' => 1,
'linkurl' => '',
'urlrule' => 3,
'seo' =>
array (
'list_title' => '咖啡知識_咖啡的好處_咖啡知識大全_咖啡知識培訓資料',
'list_keywords' => '',
'list_description' => '咖啡知識與咖啡文化集錦 咖啡是什麼?簡單的說就是一種普通的飲料,世界三大飲料之一。全球貿易量僅次於石油,在世界上比茶更流行的飲料。',
),
'template' =>
array (
'pagesize' => 20,
'mpagesize' => 20,
'page' => 'page.html',
'list' => 'list.html',
'category' => 'category.html',
'search' => 'search.html',
'show' => 'show.html',
),
'cat_field' => '',
'module_field' => '',
'html' => 0,
),
'displayorder' => '0',
'acount' => '26934',
'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html',
'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html',
'mid' => 'article',
'pcatpost' => 1,
'topid' => '4',
'domain' => '',
'catids' =>
array (
0 => '4',
1 => '5',
2 => '187',
3 => '6',
4 => '33',
5 => '307',
6 => '308',
7 => '50',
8 => '53',
9 => '54',
10 => '55',
11 => '57',
12 => '58',
13 => '59',
14 => '60',
15 => '61',
16 => '657',
17 => '62',
18 => '93',
19 => '94',
20 => '100',
21 => '101',
22 => '170',
23 => '171',
24 => '172',
25 => '102',
26 => '656',
27 => '104',
28 => '106',
29 => '107',
30 => '109',
31 => '201',
32 => '306',
33 => '202',
34 => '286',
35 => '287',
36 => '324',
37 => '329',
38 => '369',
39 => '371',
40 => '373',
41 => '375',
42 => '376',
43 => '386',
44 => '388',
45 => '391',
46 => '392',
47 => '393',
48 => '659',
49 => '661',
50 => '663',
51 => '664',
52 => '665',
53 => '666',
54 => '668',
55 => '669',
56 => '670',
57 => '671',
58 => '672',
59 => '673',
),
'is_post' => 1,
'mobile_domain' => '',
'tid' => 1,
'url' => '/list-kafeizhishi.html',
'total' => 11421,
'field' =>
array (
),
) |
| pageid |
1 |
| params |
array (
'catid' => '33',
) |
| parent |
array (
'id' => '33',
'pid' => '4',
'pids' => '0,4',
'name' => '咖啡拉花',
'dirname' => 'kafeilahua',
'pdirname' => 'kafeizhishi/',
'child' => 1,
'childids' => '33,307,308',
'thumb' => '',
'show' => '1',
'setting' =>
array (
'edit' => 1,
'disabled' => 0,
'getchild' => 1,
'linkurl' => '',
'urlrule' => 3,
'seo' =>
array (
'list_title' => '咖啡拉花視頻_咖啡拉花培訓_咖啡拉花教程',
'list_keywords' => '',
'list_description' => '咖啡拉花是在原始的卡布奇諾或拿鐵上做出葉子或其他圖案的工藝。拉花起源關於咖啡拉花的起源，其實一直都沒有十分明確的文獻，只知道當時在歐美國家，咖啡拉花都是在咖啡表演時，所展現的高難度專業技術，而如此的創新技巧，所展現的高難度',
),
'template' =>
array (
'pagesize' => 20,
'mpagesize' => 20,
'page' => 'page.html',
'list' => 'list.html',
'category' => 'category.html',
'search' => 'search.html',
'show' => 'show.html',
),
'cat_field' => '',
'module_field' => '',
'html' => 0,
),
'displayorder' => '0',
'acount' => '479',
'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html',
'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html',
'mid' => 'article',
'pcatpost' => 1,
'topid' => '4',
'domain' => '',
'catids' =>
array (
0 => '33',
1 => '307',
2 => '308',
),
'is_post' => 1,
'mobile_domain' => '',
'tid' => 1,
'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-kafeilahua.html',
'total' => 295,
'field' =>
array (
),
) |
| markid |
'module-article-33' |
| related |
array (
307 =>
array (
'id' => '307',
'pid' => '33',
'pids' => '0,4,33',
'name' => '奶泡',
'dirname' => 'naipao',
'pdirname' => 'kafeizhishi/kafeilahua/',
'child' => 0,
'childids' => 307,
'thumb' => '',
'show' => '1',
'setting' =>
array (
'edit' => 1,
'disabled' => 0,
'getchild' => 1,
'linkurl' => '',
'urlrule' => 3,
'seo' =>
array (
'list_title' => '奶泡_打奶泡_手動打奶泡_奶泡怎麼打_打奶泡機器',
'list_keywords' => '',
'list_description' => '目的：牛奶體積變多而輕，可以浮在咖啡表面，口感綿密，可以拉花造型原理：通常可分兩個步驟打發：空氣打入牛奶，使牛奶包覆空氣發泡成小泡沫——打綿：發泡後的牛奶，在利用漩渦，把大泡打成小泡，使奶泡變更綿密——',
),
'template' =>
array (
'pagesize' => 20,
'mpagesize' => 20,
'page' => 'page.html',
'list' => 'list.html',
'category' => 'category.html',
'search' => 'search.html',
'show' => 'show.html',
),
'cat_field' => '',
'module_field' => '',
'html' => 0,
),
'displayorder' => '0',
'acount' => '137',
'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html',
'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html',
'mid' => 'article',
'pcatpost' => 1,
'topid' => '4',
'domain' => '',
'catids' =>
array (
0 => '307',
),
'is_post' => 1,
'mobile_domain' => '',
'tid' => 1,
'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-naipao.html',
'total' => 137,
'field' =>
array (
),
),
308 =>
array (
'id' => '308',
'pid' => '33',
'pids' => '0,4,33',
'name' => '拉花',
'dirname' => 'lahua',
'pdirname' => 'kafeizhishi/kafeilahua/',
'child' => 0,
'childids' => 308,
'thumb' => '',
'show' => '1',
'setting' =>
array (
'edit' => 1,
'disabled' => 0,
'getchild' => 1,
'linkurl' => '',
'urlrule' => 3,
'seo' =>
array (
'list_title' => '[第{page}頁{join}]{catpname}{join}{modname}{join}{SITE_NAME}',
'list_keywords' => '',
'list_description' => '',
),
'template' =>
array (
'pagesize' => 20,
'mpagesize' => 20,
'page' => 'page.html',
'list' => 'list.html',
'category' => 'category.html',
'search' => 'search.html',
'show' => 'show.html',
),
'cat_field' => '',
'module_field' => '',
'html' => 0,
),
'displayorder' => '0',
'acount' => '158',
'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html',
'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html',
'mid' => 'article',
'pcatpost' => 1,
'topid' => '4',
'domain' => '',
'catids' =>
array (
0 => '308',
),
'is_post' => 1,
'mobile_domain' => '',
'tid' => 1,
'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-lahua.html',
'total' => 158,
'field' =>
array (
),
),
) |
| urlrule |
'/views-53091-[page].html' |
| fix_html_now_url |
'' |
| my_web_url |
'https://test.gafei.com/views-53091' |
| get |
array (
's' => 'article',
'c' => 'show',
'id' => '53091',
'm' => 'index',
) |
