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'<div>
作者:yi zhang<br />
鏈接:http://www.zhihu.com/question/20360485/answer/34507011<br />
來源:知乎<br />
著作權歸作者所有。商業轉載請聯繫作者獲得授權,非商業轉載請註明出處。<br />
<br />
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牛奶的泡沫<br />
<br />
光是這個問題,我又可以寫另外一篇文章了,如何得到恰到好處的牛奶泡沫也是一門學問!<br />
有篇文章叫做[奶泡的形成]寫的很詳細,很不錯,雲無心寫了一篇文章叫做 [實驗室之卡布奇諾的泡泡 ]很有意思,是講述如何考慮增加自動販賣機裏的咖啡的泡沫。<br />
<br />
簡單地說,需要牛奶中有蛋白質形成結構,脂肪穩定結構,合適的溫度使蛋白質活躍。看起來跟咖啡脂肪泡沫結構差不多,顆粒大小恰好也就處於微米級別。<br />
那麼用咖啡機打奶泡的時候要注意什麼呢?<br />
<noscript>&lt;img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/9e3b501dd75a2843803a5f6b2872f496_b.jpg" data-rawwidth="637" data-rawheight="351" class="origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb" width="637" data-original="https://pic3.zhimg.com/9e3b501dd75a2843803a5f6b2872f496_r.jpg"&gt;</noscript><img class="origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb lazy" data-actualsrc="https://pic3.zhimg.com/9e3b501dd75a2843803a5f6b2872f496_b.jpg" data-original="https://pic3.zhimg.com/9e3b501dd75a2843803a5f6b2872f496_r.jpg" data-rawheight="351" data-rawwidth="637" src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/9e3b501dd75a2843803a5f6b2872f496_b.jpg" style="width: 584px; height: 321.7959183673469px; display: block;" width="637" /><br />
截圖自視頻:<b>Quick Tip: Milk for Lattes and Cappuccinos</b><br />
看出區別來了嗎?<br />
<br />
管子裏是熱的蒸汽,如果把管子通到液麪下,得到的就是體積增加兩倍的加熱的牛奶泡沫,整個體系是非常均勻的微氣泡系統,用於拿鐵的奶泡而卡布奇諾則是把管子貼近液體表面,事實上,這根管子有三個細小的口,兩個口在液麪下,一個口在液麪上,手動調整,通過表面把更多的氣體壓進去,這樣奶泡可以變成三倍大的體積,這時候你會聽到非常尖銳刺耳的聲音,是空氣在液體的縫隙間的叫囂!<br />
<br />
所以你去咖啡館點卡布基諾的時候會聽到刺耳的聲音,而點拿鐵的時候則基本除了開始和結束噴氣的時候,是不會有那種聲音的, 是不是覺得格調又高了一層?<br />
<br />
現在! 假設我們得到了勻稱的兩種泡沫,如何把它們混合在一起進行拉花呢?<br />
<br />
這個就是藝術家的事情了,基本上沒我什麼事情了<br />
但是!大家有沒有想過爲什麼要叫做拉花?<br />
爲什麼要用這個“拉”?<br />
到底往下倒奶泡倒到什麼時候纔可以畫出花來?<br />
<noscript>&lt;img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/ff998ba826f76ae312ff6e94f115e44e_b.jpg" data-rawwidth="634" data-rawheight="338" class="origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb" width="634" data-original="https://pic3.zhimg.com/ff998ba826f76ae312ff6e94f115e44e_r.jpg"&gt;</noscript><img class="origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb lazy" data-actualsrc="https://pic3.zhimg.com/ff998ba826f76ae312ff6e94f115e44e_b.jpg" data-original="https://pic3.zhimg.com/ff998ba826f76ae312ff6e94f115e44e_r.jpg" data-rawheight="338" data-rawwidth="634" src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/ff998ba826f76ae312ff6e94f115e44e_b.jpg" style="width: 584px; height: 311.34384858044166px; display: block;" width="634" /><br />
我認爲:當你往下倒奶泡的時候應該先快後滿,速度快的時候奶泡因爲衝量大,沉下去,然後觸底反彈,或者因爲液體的作用力浮上去,等到你看見上圖右半邊液體的顏色已經變白許多的時候就可以開始“拉”了,把奶泡杯拉遠一點觀察一下液體狀態,再拉近繼續倒,晃晃杯子變均勻點<br />
<br />
​這裏是第一次重要的拉!<br />
<noscript>&lt;img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/dcec6920b6218a0d1988fcef3ab52da0_b.jpg" data-rawwidth="623" data-rawheight="345" class="origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb" width="623" data-original="https://pic1.zhimg.com/dcec6920b6218a0d1988fcef3ab52da0_r.jpg"&gt;</noscript><img class="origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb lazy" data-actualsrc="https://pic1.zhimg.com/dcec6920b6218a0d1988fcef3ab52da0_b.jpg" data-original="https://pic1.zhimg.com/dcec6920b6218a0d1988fcef3ab52da0_r.jpg" data-rawheight="345" data-rawwidth="623" src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/dcec6920b6218a0d1988fcef3ab52da0_b.jpg" style="width: 584px; height: 323.40288924558587px; display: block;" width="623" /><br />
到表面已經出現白色和棕色花紋的時候就要慢慢點開始拉花了,<br />
<br />
<noscript>&lt;img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/735cb3ff2ce44571d2a23aed44266a7d_b.jpg" data-rawwidth="628" data-rawheight="351" class="origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb" width="628" data-original="https://pic2.zhimg.com/735cb3ff2ce44571d2a23aed44266a7d_r.jpg"&gt;圖中是一邊左右晃動一邊後退得到了這種花紋,到了盡頭往回拉一條直線,就得到了如圖這個葉子形狀。</noscript><img class="origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb lazy" data-actualsrc="https://pic2.zhimg.com/735cb3ff2ce44571d2a23aed44266a7d_b.jpg" data-original="https://pic2.zhimg.com/735cb3ff2ce44571d2a23aed44266a7d_r.jpg" data-rawheight="351" data-rawwidth="628" src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/735cb3ff2ce44571d2a23aed44266a7d_b.jpg" style="width: 584px; height: 326.4076433121019px; display: block;" width="628" />圖中是一邊左右晃動一邊後退得到了這種花紋,到了盡頭往回拉一條直線,就得到了如圖這個葉子形狀。<br />
如果不晃直接後退就會得到一個一層一層的圓形,然後再往回一拉就有了個心形,女生最愛。<br />
<br />
有人問,爲什麼看了那麼多拉花比賽,永遠是要麼是心形要麼是葉子形狀,有沒有高級點的新鮮點的?可以啊,但是不可能有三角形五角星,因爲他們是一個流動的體系,主要是兩種泡沫的流動速度比液體慢,混合在一起後需要一段時間分散,所以趁着他們還沒有互相交融,可以抓緊時間畫個畫,除了二維拖動,還可以往空間裏堆,但也是再以肉眼可見速度移動的啊<br />
<noscript>&lt;img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/acb71f2d09504bfaf7853342e6daff88_b.jpg" data-rawwidth="623" data-rawheight="416" class="origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb" width="623" data-original="https://pic1.zhimg.com/acb71f2d09504bfaf7853342e6daff88_r.jpg"&gt;</noscript><img class="origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb lazy" data-actualsrc="https://pic1.zhimg.com/acb71f2d09504bfaf7853342e6daff88_b.jpg" data-original="https://pic1.zhimg.com/acb71f2d09504bfaf7853342e6daff88_r.jpg" data-rawheight="416" data-rawwidth="623" src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/acb71f2d09504bfaf7853342e6daff88_b.jpg" style="width: 584px; height: 389.9582664526485px; display: block;" width="623" /><br />
<p>
​但話說這世界總是趨於熵增加的,所這種藝術品持續不了多久也就湮滅了,不過可以添加穩定劑和添加劑來保持泡沫的穩定性,我曾經試過一種穩定劑,可以適用於任何液體,可以做出一個十幾分鐘不變形的蔬菜綠色泡沫,很好玩。上圖這個小熊的泡沫這麼緊實,界限分明,還能在上塗顏色,不知道是不是加了什麼穩定劑。</p>
<noscript>&lt;img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/fa38f617438a671e569ef527d127e7d9_b.jpg" data-rawwidth="478" data-rawheight="485" class="origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb" width="478" data-original="https://pic2.zhimg.com/fa38f617438a671e569ef527d127e7d9_r.jpg"&gt;</noscript><img class="origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb lazy" data-actualsrc="https://pic2.zhimg.com/fa38f617438a671e569ef527d127e7d9_b.jpg" data-original="https://pic2.zhimg.com/fa38f617438a671e569ef527d127e7d9_r.jpg" data-rawheight="485" data-rawwidth="478" src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/fa38f617438a671e569ef527d127e7d9_b.jpg" style="width: 478px; height: 485px; display: block;" width="478" /><br />
<p>
​ ​話說這個小熊這個姑且算了,雖然十分可疑是否能夠飲用,但上圖這個櫻木花道根本不能叫拉花啊!真是痛心疾首,搞個不知道什麼東西搞的特別結實的泡沫,然後直接用咖啡在上面畫畫,能叫拉花嗎!只能叫畫畫吧! </p>
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41 => '375',
42 => '376',
43 => '386',
44 => '388',
45 => '391',
46 => '392',
47 => '393',
48 => '659',
49 => '661',
50 => '663',
51 => '664',
52 => '665',
53 => '666',
54 => '668',
55 => '669',
56 => '670',
57 => '671',
58 => '672',
59 => '673',
),
'is_post' => 1,
'mobile_domain' => '',
'tid' => 1,
'url' => '/list-kafeizhishi.html',
'total' => 11421,
'field' =>
array (
),
) |
pageid |
1 |
params |
array (
'catid' => '33',
) |
parent |
array (
'id' => '33',
'pid' => '4',
'pids' => '0,4',
'name' => '咖啡拉花',
'dirname' => 'kafeilahua',
'pdirname' => 'kafeizhishi/',
'child' => 1,
'childids' => '33,307,308',
'thumb' => '',
'show' => '1',
'setting' =>
array (
'edit' => 1,
'disabled' => 0,
'getchild' => 1,
'linkurl' => '',
'urlrule' => 3,
'seo' =>
array (
'list_title' => '咖啡拉花視頻_咖啡拉花培訓_咖啡拉花教程',
'list_keywords' => '',
'list_description' => '咖啡拉花是在原始的卡布奇諾或拿鐵上做出葉子或其他圖案的工藝。拉花起源關於咖啡拉花的起源,其實一直都沒有十分明確的文獻,只知道當時在歐美國家,咖啡拉花都是在咖啡表演時,所展現的高難度專業技術,而如此的創新技巧,所展現的高難度',
),
'template' =>
array (
'pagesize' => 20,
'mpagesize' => 20,
'page' => 'page.html',
'list' => 'list.html',
'category' => 'category.html',
'search' => 'search.html',
'show' => 'show.html',
),
'cat_field' => '',
'module_field' => '',
'html' => 0,
),
'displayorder' => '0',
'acount' => '479',
'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html',
'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html',
'mid' => 'article',
'pcatpost' => 1,
'topid' => '4',
'domain' => '',
'catids' =>
array (
0 => '33',
1 => '307',
2 => '308',
),
'is_post' => 1,
'mobile_domain' => '',
'tid' => 1,
'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-kafeilahua.html',
'total' => 295,
'field' =>
array (
),
) |
markid |
'module-article-33' |
related |
array (
307 =>
array (
'id' => '307',
'pid' => '33',
'pids' => '0,4,33',
'name' => '奶泡',
'dirname' => 'naipao',
'pdirname' => 'kafeizhishi/kafeilahua/',
'child' => 0,
'childids' => 307,
'thumb' => '',
'show' => '1',
'setting' =>
array (
'edit' => 1,
'disabled' => 0,
'getchild' => 1,
'linkurl' => '',
'urlrule' => 3,
'seo' =>
array (
'list_title' => '奶泡_打奶泡_手動打奶泡_奶泡怎麼打_打奶泡機器',
'list_keywords' => '',
'list_description' => '目的:牛奶體積變多而輕,可以浮在咖啡表面,口感綿密,可以拉花造型原理:通常可分兩個步驟打發:空氣打入牛奶,使牛奶包覆空氣發泡成小泡沫——打綿:發泡後的牛奶,在利用漩渦,把大泡打成小泡,使奶泡變更綿密——',
),
'template' =>
array (
'pagesize' => 20,
'mpagesize' => 20,
'page' => 'page.html',
'list' => 'list.html',
'category' => 'category.html',
'search' => 'search.html',
'show' => 'show.html',
),
'cat_field' => '',
'module_field' => '',
'html' => 0,
),
'displayorder' => '0',
'acount' => '137',
'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html',
'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html',
'mid' => 'article',
'pcatpost' => 1,
'topid' => '4',
'domain' => '',
'catids' =>
array (
0 => '307',
),
'is_post' => 1,
'mobile_domain' => '',
'tid' => 1,
'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-naipao.html',
'total' => 137,
'field' =>
array (
),
),
308 =>
array (
'id' => '308',
'pid' => '33',
'pids' => '0,4,33',
'name' => '拉花',
'dirname' => 'lahua',
'pdirname' => 'kafeizhishi/kafeilahua/',
'child' => 0,
'childids' => 308,
'thumb' => '',
'show' => '1',
'setting' =>
array (
'edit' => 1,
'disabled' => 0,
'getchild' => 1,
'linkurl' => '',
'urlrule' => 3,
'seo' =>
array (
'list_title' => '[第{page}頁{join}]{catpname}{join}{modname}{join}{SITE_NAME}',
'list_keywords' => '',
'list_description' => '',
),
'template' =>
array (
'pagesize' => 20,
'mpagesize' => 20,
'page' => 'page.html',
'list' => 'list.html',
'category' => 'category.html',
'search' => 'search.html',
'show' => 'show.html',
),
'cat_field' => '',
'module_field' => '',
'html' => 0,
),
'displayorder' => '0',
'acount' => '158',
'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html',
'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html',
'mid' => 'article',
'pcatpost' => 1,
'topid' => '4',
'domain' => '',
'catids' =>
array (
0 => '308',
),
'is_post' => 1,
'mobile_domain' => '',
'tid' => 1,
'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-lahua.html',
'total' => 158,
'field' =>
array (
),
),
) |
urlrule |
'/views-53093-[page].html' |
fix_html_now_url |
'' |
my_web_url |
'https://test.gafei.com/views-53093' |
get |
array (
's' => 'article',
'c' => 'show',
'id' => '53093',
'm' => 'index',
) |