4.1.4

'2181'

'2'

'當下的公平貿易咖啡'

''

'咖啡新聞,公平貿易咖啡,咖啡百科'

'很多人習慣一天兩杯咖啡，上班的路上去星巴克買一杯，下午兩點在公司喝一杯。你們會發現咖啡袋包裝上，多了一種印有“Fair trade coffee（公平貿易咖啡）”字樣的咖啡，便產生了疑惑和不解。 '

'69'

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'鉑瀾咖啡社'

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'/views-2181'

'0'

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''

'2014-05-28 09:32:44'

'2014-05-28 09:33:44'

'2178'

''

''

''

''

''

''

''

''

''

''

''

''

NULL

'<p>
	　　咖啡是全球第二大宗交易商品，交易量僅次於原油，在全球共有四個主要的交易市場，包括紐約期貨交易所、大阪關西交易所、新加坡商品交易所和倫敦泛歐交易所，但是對公平貿易咖啡卻不甚瞭解。我們手中的每一杯咖啡背後，都隱藏着咖啡種植農的血汗故事。美國的咖啡進口價每磅約爲0.6到0.7美元，如此低廉的價格把千千萬萬的咖啡種植園，變成了名副其實的&ldquo;農田中的血汗工廠&rdquo;。更爲不公的是哪怕這0.7美元，咖啡種植農也不能全部裝到自己的口袋裏，可憐的收入只夠他們勉強度日，甚至無法維持一家人最基本的生活。</p>
<p>
	　　比如泰國，是名列世界前20名的咖啡豆出產國，在中國南部山區的臨界處，居住着泰國的阿卡人。阿卡人原本是依靠種植鴉片維持生計，儘管鴉片貿易每年達數百萬美元，但是阿卡人卻只能勉強維持生計。</p>
<p>
	　　而任何一個國家，依賴大規模的鴉片貿易總不是好事。因此，在20世紀90年代初，泰國王室開始引進新作物來替代鴉片，咖啡就是其中之一。阿卡人也開始種植咖啡了，目前市場上流行的阿卡阿瑪咖啡，是100%的阿拉比卡咖啡豆，苦味和酸度恰到好處，很受北美人的喜愛。</p>
<p>
	　　然而，阿卡人的利潤依然很少。從技術上來講，咖啡被認爲是一種新鮮的農產品，但從經濟層面來看，咖啡又被視爲大宗商品，這就意味着買賣的方式和石油一樣，買方的目標是儘可能以低價買進，再以高價出售，而咖啡的投資者和炒家，是根據咖啡市場的供求關係來定價。如此一來，星巴克一杯普通咖啡可能花費我們2美元，而1公斤的咖啡原豆卻只有7美分，由此可見咖啡是個多麼暴利的行業了。讀到這兒你一定會想，這對種植咖啡的阿卡人來說，也未免太不公平了。但有什麼辦法呢?</p>
<p>
	　　首先，阿卡人根本就沒有選擇，每年一到咖啡的收穫季節，咖啡的買家便出現了，他們叫出統一的收購價。如果阿卡人對收購價不滿意，敢於對買家說&ldquo;不&rdquo;，阿卡人所冒的風險，等於是放棄了出售咖啡作物的機會，執拗等待換來的風險，是當年的收成很快地爛在泥土裏。其次，大部分阿卡人都未受過正規教育，缺乏討價還價的技巧。許多阿卡人甚至都不會說泰語(阿卡族語，是藏緬族語系之一)，而且他們也意識不到全球的咖啡價格，以及如何來得到種植作物售價的信息。他們所能知道的，要麼賣掉他們的作物換取金錢，要麼就失去一切。爲此，&ldquo;公平貿易咖啡&rdquo;應運而生。《紐約時報》在2007年4月下旬，將&ldquo;公平貿易咖啡&rdquo;的故事刊登在時尚版。而打上&ldquo;公平貿易咖啡&rdquo;這一標籤的目的，是爲了讓消費咖啡的人們知道，該產品尊重了勞動工人的權利，意味着來自第三世界種植咖啡的農民，不再遭受剝削而獲得合理的報酬;旨在促進健康的工作條件，刺激農民有更大的意願從事咖啡生產。</p>
<p>
	　　今天，麥當勞、沃爾瑪和星巴克等企業，都自願多花一倍的價格跳過中間商，直接從咖啡種植戶手裏採購咖啡。其中，星巴克是公平貿易認證咖啡的最大買家，該公司在2009年購買了1800萬公斤綠色、未焙炒的咖啡。所以，希望喜愛喝咖啡的朋友，今後購買標有&ldquo;公平貿易&rdquo;標誌的咖啡。因爲，每購買一杯公平貿易咖啡，你就直接支持了發展中國家的貧苦農民，幫助他們提高了生活水平。</p>
'

'咖啡新聞,公平貿易咖啡,咖啡百科'

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'1401240764'

'1401240824'

'當下的公平貿易咖啡_咖啡資訊_咖啡新聞_中國咖啡網'

'咖啡新聞,公平貿易咖啡,咖啡百科'

'很多人習慣一天兩杯咖啡，上班的路上去星巴克買一杯，下午兩點在公司喝一杯。你們會發現咖啡袋包裝上，多了一種印有“Fair trade coffee（公平貿易咖啡）”字樣的咖啡，便產生了疑惑和不解。'

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