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'花式咖啡衝調示範 拉花咖啡蒸汽打奶泡' |
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'咖啡拉花是怎麼形成的呢? 製作咖啡拉花的咖啡叫做 Espresso ,也就是我們常說的濃縮咖啡或意式濃縮咖啡。這是一種口感強烈的咖啡,用接近沸騰的熱水以高壓衝過細細研磨後壓實的咖啡粉得來。在濃縮咖啡的表面飄着一層紅棕色的泡沫,這層泡沫叫做 咖啡脂 (crem' |
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'<p>
咖啡拉花是怎麼形成的呢?</p>
<p>
製作咖啡拉花的咖啡叫做 “ Espresso ”,也就是我們常說的濃縮咖啡或意式濃縮咖啡。這是一種口感強烈的咖啡,用接近沸騰的熱水以高壓衝過細細研磨後壓實的咖啡粉得來。在濃縮咖啡的表面飄着一層紅棕色的泡沫,這層泡沫叫做 咖啡脂 (crema)。</p>
<p>
咖啡脂的存在往往被視爲濃縮咖啡質量的標誌,其體積要佔到濃縮咖啡的 10% 以上。咖啡脂裏面含有許多氣體,大概在總體積的一半左右。</p>
<center>
<img alt="" height="355" src="/uploads/allimg/150911/1IZ34022-0.png" width="474" /></center>
<p>
如下圖,在光學顯微鏡下觀察咖啡脂的結構,可以看出裏面含有氣泡、脂肪顆粒(一般小於 10 個微米)以及一些固體的顆粒(咖啡豆細胞壁的碎片之類)</p>
<p>
咖啡脂的存在是形成咖啡拉花的一個重要因素。</p>
<p>
在光學顯微鏡下觀察咖啡脂,可以看出裏面包含有氣泡、脂肪顆粒以及一些比如咖啡豆細胞壁碎片之類的固體顆粒</p>
<p>
而用於製作咖啡拉花的熱牛奶也經過了預先處理,通過攪拌或者其他的方法,熱牛奶的表面形成了一層牛奶和空氣混合而成的 微泡沫 ( Microfoam ) 。</p>
<p>
如何讓牛奶起的泡沫又多又持久,也可以成爲科學研究的課題。 @雲無心 就做過這樣的研究,有 實驗室手記之卡布奇諾的泡泡 一文爲證。</p>
<p>
在混合熱牛奶和濃縮咖啡的過程中,我們有兩種泡沫混合在一起,一種是牛奶表面的空氣和牛奶混合的泡沫,一種是濃縮咖啡表面的脂肪、氣體和濃縮咖啡混合的咖啡脂泡沫。這兩種泡沫都相對穩定,咖啡脂的泡沫一般可以維持 10 分鐘左右的時間 ,牛奶和空氣形成的泡沫也可以維持數分鐘之久 。</p>
<center>
<img alt="" height="468" src="/uploads/allimg/150911/1IZ33145-1.jpg" width="392" /></center>
<p>
這兩種泡沫混在一起之後,由於它們的顆粒都很大(都是微米級別的大小),並且互相擠在一起,顆粒的擴散過程是很慢的,在沒有攪拌的情況下,兩種泡沫之間混合的速度會很慢,因此,泡沫之間的界限會在很長時間內保持清晰。這樣,咖啡師傾倒牛奶時做出來的圖案可以保持足夠長的時間,以供顧客欣賞。</p>
<p>
所以說,咖啡拉花實際上是兩種泡沫(而非液體)混合出來的效果。知道了這個以後,再看咖啡拉花,除了讚歎之外,是不是增添了一份其他的感受呢?</p>
<p>
有讀者可能會問了,爲什麼非得泡沫混合在一起纔行,不同顏色的液體混合在一起就不行嗎?</p>
<p>
如果兩樣都沒有泡沫,當我們把牛奶倒入咖啡的時候,其實它們也不是立刻就互相均勻混合的。雖然仔細說來這兩種液體內部仍然是有微米大小的顆粒,但是這些顆粒並沒有互相挨着,並且顆粒只佔液體的很小一部分,並沒有泡沫的那種穩定性。所以,這兩種液體混合的界面不但因爲內部液體的流動很不穩定,界面也會因爲擴散的原因很快變得模糊起來,不能夠做成拉花的圖案。</p>
<p>
而我們這裏要說的咖啡拉花的事情,就完了。</p>
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'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html',
'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html',
'mid' => 'article',
'pcatpost' => 1,
'topid' => '4',
'domain' => '',
'catids' =>
array (
0 => '308',
),
'is_post' => 1,
'mobile_domain' => '',
'tid' => 1,
'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-lahua.html',
'total' => 158,
'field' =>
array (
),
),
) |
urlrule |
'/views-39461-[page].html' |
fix_html_now_url |
'' |
my_web_url |
'https://test.gafei.com/views-39461' |
get |
array (
's' => 'article',
'c' => 'show',
'id' => '39461',
'm' => 'index',
) |