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'<p>
中國正在成爲速溶咖啡的第一消費大國!!在現磨咖啡風靡的當代,由於某些條件的限制,人們接觸更多的卻是——速溶咖啡!!! 通過這篇文章的介紹,希望大家對速溶咖啡有一個全面的認識,早日品味咖啡迷人的芬芳...... 速溶咖啡的危害 第一是香精:這要從速溶咖啡的生產流程講起速溶咖啡是從炒磨咖啡豆中提取有效成分後經乾燥而生產的,此過程中不免會有一部分芳香物質散失而使成品的風味、口感不如直接炒磨的咖啡濃郁純正。</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">
<img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/140609/3-14060914322Q05.jpg" style="width: 465px; height: 300px;" /></p>
<p>
其生產流程一般爲:預處理→焙炒→磨碎→萃取→濃縮→乾燥 . 其中預處理是去除雜質 ;培炒過程中咖啡豆內含物質在此過程中發生複雜的物理、化學反應,形成特有的咖啡芳香物質;磨碎後在一定的溫度和壓力下,把咖啡中的有效成分提取到水中;通過真空濃縮,便於乾燥工序;乾燥,這是速溶咖啡粉的成形過程,也是在加工過程中對咖啡粉品質影響最大的過程。目前一般採用噴霧乾燥法,但由於咖啡的芳香物質熱敏性很強,在較高的乾燥溫度下極易揮發(在萃取和濃縮過程中已有一定的揮發),這就是速溶咖啡沒有炒磨咖啡香氣濃郁的主要原因。</p>
<p>
以上僅僅是生產過程,其間發現咖啡在多次高溫的操作環境中,香氣基本已經損失殆盡。這麼如何彌補呢?就是香精。廠家在萃取、濃縮或者乾燥的過程中加入香精(依不同廠家而異,有些公司是其中的一步、有些是多步都加香精)。</p>
<p>
第二是咖啡豆的品質:我們知道市面上90%以上的咖啡豆均由以下兩種咖啡豆種植而成:阿拉比卡種(Coffea Arabica)與羅布斯塔種(Caffea Robusta)。阿拉比卡種的咖啡樹,適合種植在海拔一千到兩千公尺左右排水良好的肥沃山坡上。在白天,它們喜歡溫和不酷熱的氣溫,以及每天少於兩小時的直接日照,如果當地缺乏午後雷陣雨或是山上每天報到的濃霧,農夫就得在咖啡園中夾種許多高一點的樹來遮蔭並防霜害。到了夜晚,它們則希望有冷到攝氏十度左右但是溫度又不能太低的環境,因過於溫暖會使咖啡漿果發育得太快,而結不出小而味濃的堅硬優質咖啡豆,可是萬一冷到結霜的話,咖啡樹卻又會被凍死。其種植的條件相當嚴格,因此不同地區,不同海拔高度,不同氣候產地生產的阿拉比卡咖啡通常具有各自的特色,未經烘焙時聞起來是如同青草般的清香氣味,經過適當的烘焙後,展現出「果香」(中淺焙)與「焦糖甜香」(深烘焙)。</p>
<p>
羅布斯塔種的咖啡樹,可以在海拔兩三百公尺左右的平地生長,葉片和花的外型和阿拉比卡略有不同,野生的樹平均也比阿拉比卡高一兩公尺。它對疾病與高溫具有較強的抵抗力,產量也較高。一般羅布斯塔豆的風味較貧乏、酸澀、呆板,不同地區與不同氣候產生的風味差異並不太大,未經烘焙時聞起來如同生花生般的氣味,烘焙後的味道通常介於「麥仔茶味」(中淺烘焙)與「橡膠輪胎味」(深烘焙),難以展現細緻的風味。 因而其價格只有阿拉比卡豆的一半。由於成本的關係,速溶咖啡當然選擇的是羅布斯塔種的咖啡,其產地多在越南、中國的海南、雲南、非洲的一些國家。另外其間的碎豆、壞豆、不良發育品種常常不經篩選就直接烘培、研磨。反正只是萃取咖啡因,香氣不足也可以通過各類香精、添加劑來調和,這就造成製造速溶咖啡的咖啡豆品質非常低劣。</p>
<p>
第三是有致癌風險:2005年,中華人民共和國衛生部發布公告:丙烯酰胺是致癌物質,兒童攝入量爲成人2~3倍,速溶咖啡也含致癌物。公告稱,丙烯酰胺是一種化學物質,是生產聚丙烯酰胺的原料,可用於污水淨化等工業用途。動物試驗結果顯示,丙烯酰胺是一種可能致癌物。職業接觸人羣的流行病學觀察表明,長期低劑量接觸丙烯酰胺會出現嗜睡、情緒和記憶改變、幻覺和震顫等症狀,伴隨末梢神經病(手套樣感覺、出汗和肌肉無力)。儘管丙烯酰胺對人體健康的影響還有待進一步研究,但此問題應引起關注。</p>
<p>
速溶咖啡也含致癌物由中國疾病預防控制中心營養與食品安全研究所提供的資料顯示,在監測的100餘份樣品中,丙烯酰胺含量較多的食品依次爲薯類油炸食品、穀物類油炸食品、穀物類烘烤食品,其他食品,如速溶咖啡、玉米茶也含有丙烯酰胺。其後雀巢中國發表的聲明也是迴避問題所在,雀巢首先指責科學界和醫學界只是在最近才注意到該化合物存在於速溶咖啡等食品中,其實,丙烯酰胺早在人類開始烹調或加熱食品時就已經存在了。但是雀巢並沒有否認其產品中含有提出其生產的速溶咖啡中含有丙烯酰胺這一事實。所以爲了自己的健康考慮,還是少喝爲妙。</p>
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'displayorder' => '0',
'acount' => '1',
'namerule' => '{typedir}{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html',
'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html',
'mid' => 'article',
'pcatpost' => 1,
'topid' => '1',
'domain' => '',
'catids' =>
array (
0 => '323',
),
'is_post' => 1,
'mobile_domain' => '',
'tid' => 1,
'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-7yuezixun.html',
'total' => 1,
'field' =>
array (
),
),
) |
urlrule |
'/views-3140-[page].html' |
fix_html_now_url |
'' |
my_web_url |
'https://gafei.com/views-3140' |
get |
array (
's' => 'article',
'c' => 'show',
'id' => '3140',
'm' => 'index',
) |