如何學會品嚐咖啡？

作者：中國咖啡網來源：咖啡豆: 咖啡知識 > 咖啡拉花 > 奶泡 > 2025-06-21 10:35:08

咖啡歷史什麼的咖啡君就不說了，可以百度谷歌，但是咖啡君要說的是，真正懂得喝咖啡的人士最喜歡的是濃縮咖啡espresso，或者是純的黑咖啡。其實理由很簡單，對比我們喝茶，如果你來個牛奶加糖的英式奶茶，你還怎麼能喝出原來茶葉的純粹與香氣呢？喫巧克力也是一個道理。說到底，喝咖啡其實就是要喝它的苦味，因爲苦，我們才能體會到生活的香甜，纔能有更濃烈的幸福感。而且當苦味濃縮至極時，你反而會品出無比的香氣，所以任何加糖，加奶什麼別的甜味糖漿的行爲都是一種犯罪。如果你加了那麼多糖和香味糖漿最後還是覺得苦，那是因爲咖啡在你的杯中哭泣！

所以從某種角度來說很多人看不起英國人在喝茶以及品酒、咖啡上的品味，遠不及歐洲大陸的法國與意大利，至於對了半杯水，一來一大杯的美式咖啡（Café Americano），那就更是土得稀里嘩啦。當然，作爲職場新人，還是要從星巴克喝起，進入機構組織剛開始最好低調隨大衆，千萬不要個性另類，你老闆才喝星巴克，你非要喝藍山，你認爲你的老闆能喜歡你麼？而且即使是喝星巴克，也要記得你老闆喜歡喝的是哪種咖啡，是single還是double（單杯／雙杯咖啡），加不加糖，加幾塊，要不要奶泡（一般有品的老闆是不會加cream奶油的），這對於進入時尚和金融行業的職場新人尤爲重要，還記得在devil wears Prada裏面安娜海瑟薇給女魔頭買星巴克的情景麼，這就是現實。

當然對於連這些連鎖都喝不起的朋友們，也沒關係，咱們就算喝雀巢速溶咖啡也要喝出氣質來。不要在辦公室端着一大杯速溶咖啡還大聲的談論着自己的孩子或者是寵物，反而應該談論習大大出訪美國的目的與意義，最好還能結合現實提出自己對國家發展的願景以及外交上的手段。實在不濟了，也要談論前段時間上映的《中國合夥人》對中國青年一代中國夢激勵的現實意義。同樣也要批判電影的理想主義讓大家都激情無限，躍躍欲試的想要創業，但是真正開始也許纔會發現自己根本承受不了那其中的苦。

正因爲不是所有人都能欣賞這幹苦的滋味，咖啡纔會變換出來那麼多口味與製作方法來適應不同檔次人羣的不同需求。

咖啡如人，人如咖啡。如果你不論在哪家咖啡廳都會選同一種咖啡，用同樣的咖啡量，糖分量，那麼，恭喜你，你是一個愛憎分明，堅持、明智且瞭解自己的人。對於女生，帶你的約會對象去不同的咖啡廳，看他都點什麼咖啡，注意細節，並且關注他是否能記得你喜歡哪款咖啡，以及加多少糖與奶。如果他沒有固定的咖啡選擇，那麼首先說明他品味不夠，如果每次都選不一樣的，估計他對你的感情也是一樣。如果他不能記得你喜歡咖啡的種類，那麼也只能說明他對你根本沒動感情。咖啡就好比人一樣，是有性格和感情的，每個人選擇咖啡的不同，就很容易看出來這個人的性格與品性。當然在人生的不同時期，選擇咖啡的總類與口味也會不同。就好比你在人生每個階段喜歡的人，做的工作都會有不同。但是哪款咖啡適合你，沒有人可以教你，只有你自己嘗試過之後才知道。和選擇香水的原理一樣，每款香水在每個人的獨家氣場下都會散發不同的芳香，所以千萬不要因爲大家都選這個，你就選這個。錯誤的選擇，會在你沒開口之前就讓你失去了交流的機會。

那麼具體不同種類的咖啡有什麼區別呢？下面以《世界最全的咖啡知識》這篇文章來進行更詳細的闡釋。

一張很生動的圖能夠給大家很好的印象：

Espresso：是濃縮的咖啡精華，在意大利，葡萄牙，人們都習慣於點單杯的Espresso，3至五歐元一小杯，慢慢的品味着苦苦的味道與醇香。是追求精緻品味的真漢子之上上選。

拿鐵咖啡是意大利濃縮咖啡與牛奶的經典混合，意大利人也很喜歡把拿鐵作爲早餐的飲料。意大利人早晨的廚房裏，照得到陽光的爐子上通常會同時煮着咖啡和牛奶。喝拿鐵的意大利人，與其說他們喜歡意大利濃縮咖啡，不如說他們喜歡牛奶，也只有espresso才能給普普通通的牛奶帶來讓人難以忘懷的味道。拿鐵是最爲國人熟悉的意式咖啡品項。它是在沉厚濃厚的Espresso中，加進等比例甚至更多牛奶的花式咖啡。有了牛奶的溫潤調味，讓原本甘苦的咖啡變得柔滑香甜\甘美濃郁，就連不習慣喝咖啡的人，也難敵拿鐵芳美的滋味。和卡布奇諾一樣，拿鐵因爲含有多量的牛奶而適合在早晨飲用。意大利人也喜歡拿它來暖胃，搭配早餐用。

意大利式拿鐵咖啡(Caffe Latte)需要一小杯Espresso和一杯牛奶(150～200毫升)，拿鐵咖啡中牛奶多而咖啡少，這與

Cappuccino有很大不同。拿鐵咖啡做法極其簡單，就是在剛剛做好的意大利濃縮咖啡中倒入接近沸騰的牛奶。事實上，加入多少牛奶沒有一定之規，可依個人口味自由調配。

如果在熱牛奶上再加上一些打成泡沫的冷牛奶，就成了一杯美式拿鐵咖啡。星巴克的美式拿鐵就是用這種方法制成的，底部是意大利濃縮咖啡，中間是加熱到65～75℃的牛奶，最後是一層不超過半釐米的冷的牛奶泡沫。

如果不放熱牛奶，而直接在意大利濃縮咖啡上裝飾兩大勺牛奶泡沫，就成了被意大利人叫做Espresso Macchiato的瑪奇哈朵咖啡。

歐蕾咖啡(Café Au Lait)可以被看成是歐式的拿鐵咖啡，與美式拿鐵和意式拿鐵都不太相同。歐蕾咖啡的做法也很簡單，就是把一杯意大利濃縮咖啡和一大杯熱熱的牛奶同時倒入一個大杯子，最後在液體表面放兩勺打成泡沫的奶油。歐蕾咖啡區別於美式拿鐵和意式拿鐵最大的特點就是它要求牛奶和濃縮咖啡一同注入杯中，牛奶和咖啡在第一時間相遇，碰撞出的是一種閒適自由的心情。法國人是歐蕾咖啡最熱情的擁護者，你在法國入的早餐桌上會看到肚子圓圓的歐蕾杯，裏面盛的是他們一天好心情的源泉。有趣的是，比較所有的咖啡杯，可能法國人用來盛歐蕾咖啡的杯子是最大號的。

很多人搞不清楚拿鐵、歐蕾之間的關係。其實拿鐵是意大利式的牛奶咖啡，以機器蒸汽的方式來蒸熱牛奶，而歐蕾則是法式咖啡，他們用火將牛奶煮熱，口感都是一泒的溫潤滑美。

作法：使用器具與材料：深烘焙的咖啡豆適量。牛奶適量（咖啡\鮮奶的比例爲:1:1）。

1.以熱水浸泡杯子(溫杯)，使其溫度上升後，再倒掉多餘的水分使用。

2.將深烘焙的咖啡豆研磨後，將咖啡粉倒進填壓器內，用壓棒將咖啡粉壓平，再將填壓器扣住意式咖啡機萃取口，萃取出ESPRESSO（咖啡\鮮奶的比例爲1:1）。

3.取適量牛奶，將其置於意式濃縮咖啡機的蒸汽噴嘴下，使其蒸成熱牛奶。

4.將蒸熱的牛奶倒進杯中。

5.將杯子上下搖晃，使奶泡上升。

6.最後將ESPRESSO緩緩地倒進杯中即可。

Hazelnut就是指榛果咖啡。French Vanilla就是法式香草。這兩種都是拿鐵，只是裏面放了不同的糖漿，底子都是Espresso Ristretto 1杯 (15-20ml) +蒸汽奶泡約200ml 。

卡布奇諾（Gappuccino/Cappuccino Coffee）： 20世紀初期，意大利人阿奇布夏發明蒸汽壓力咖啡機的同時，也發展出了卡布奇諾咖啡。卡布奇諾是一種加入以同量的意大利特濃咖啡和蒸汽泡沫牛奶相混合的意大利咖啡。此時咖啡的顏色，就象卡布奇諾教會的修士在深褐色的外衣上覆上一條頭巾一樣，咖啡因此得名。

卡布奇諾的由來：維也納人柯奇斯基（Fanz George Kolschitsky）是牛奶加咖啡的Cafe Latte創始人。這兩種飲料均是咖啡和牛奶洐生出來，但卡布奇諾的來歷卻更有學問，一直是歐美研究文字變遷的最佳體材。Cappuccino此字的歷史：創設於1525五年以後的聖芳濟教會（Capuchin）的修士都穿着褐色道袍，頭戴一頂尖尖帽子，聖芳濟教會傳到意大利時，當地人覺得修士服飾很特殊，就給他們取個Cappuccino的名字，此字的意大利文是指僧侶所穿寬鬆長袍和小尖帽，源自意大利文“頭巾”即Cappuccio。然而，老意愛喝咖啡，發覺濃縮咖啡、牛奶和奶泡混合後，顏色就像是修士所穿的深褐色道袍，於是靈機一動，就給牛奶加咖啡又有尖尖奶泡的飲料，取名爲卡布奇諾（Cappuccino）。

摩卡咖啡(MOCHA)：目前以也門所生產的咖啡爲最佳，其次爲依索比亞的摩卡；摩卡咖啡帶潤滑中之中酸至強酸、甘性特佳、風味獨特，含有巧克力的味道；具有貴婦人的氣質，是極具特色的一種純品咖啡。因爲其甜味，比較適合女性，如果哪個和你約會的男士點摩卡的話，你可以調侃他一下。

碳燒咖啡(CHARCALFIRE）是一種重度烘焙的咖啡，味道焦、苦不帶酸，咖啡豆有出油的現象，極適合用於蒸氣加壓咖啡。

白咖啡：馬來西亞是唯一出產正統白咖啡的地方。現在市面上存在的咖啡都屬於黑咖啡，黑咖啡是咖啡豆加焦糖經過高溫炭烤而成，這一做工使得做出的咖啡有焦苦、酸、焦糖和炭化的味道。在健康上它會傷胃，上火，造成黑色素的沉澱等不利之處。白咖啡是咖啡豆不加焦糖直接低溫烘焙,去除了一般高溫熱炒及炭烤的焦枯、酸澀味,而且保留了原始咖啡的自然風味及濃郁的香氣,香濃順口而心動。不傷腸胃，不上火,低咖啡因,口感滑順,甘醇芬芳。

綠茶咖啡：這是一道純東洋風味的咖啡，綠茶的幽雅清香、咖啡的濃郁厚重交流激盪。

冰拿鐵咖啡：我們不得不再一次提到拿鐵咖啡。利用果糖與牛奶混合增加牛奶的比重，使它與比重較輕的咖啡不會混合，成爲黑白分明的兩層，形成如雞尾酒般曼妙的視覺效果，再加上冰塊，給人一種高雅而浪漫的溫馨感覺。

魔力冰淇淋咖啡：這一道充滿創意與富有變化的神奇口味只屬於年輕的你！在冰涼的香草冰淇淋上倒入意大利濃縮咖啡，再用巧克力醬在鮮奶油和冰淇淋上自由構圖，魔力般水乳交融的冰品咖啡，只留芳香與清爽在你口中。

摩卡霜凍咖啡：喜愛巧克力的夥計們，還有沒有胃口試試“霜凍”了的巧克力摩卡咖啡？用果汁機將冰塊與冰淇淋打碎調和，創造出一種綿密的視覺效果，再加入摩卡冰咖啡，就大功告成了！

康寶藍馬琪雅朵咖啡：意大利咖啡真是“百花齊放”，又開出康寶藍與馬琪雅朵兩朵花來。只要在意大利濃縮咖啡中加入適量的鮮奶油，即輕鬆地完成一杯康寶藍。嫩白的鮮奶油輕輕漂浮在深沉的咖啡上，宛若一朵出淤泥而不染的白蓮花，令人不忍一口喝下。在意大利濃縮咖啡中，不加鮮奶油、牛奶，只加上兩大勺綿密細軟的奶泡就是一杯馬琪雅朵。不象康寶藍，要想享受馬琪雅朵的美味，就要一口喝下。不過很明顯的，帶朵的咖啡最好給下面有朵的人喝。

法國牛奶咖啡：咖啡和牛奶的比例爲1：1，正統的法國牛奶咖啡沖泡時，要牛奶壺和咖啡壺從兩旁同時注入咖啡杯，這種衝配方法延續了幾百年。今天，它仍是法國人早餐桌上不可或缺的飲品。法國baby，奶味十足！

藍山咖啡(BLUEMOUNTAIN)：藍山咖啡是生產於牙買加藍山海拔2500尺以上的咖啡豆，是一種微酸、柔順、帶甘、風味細膩的咖啡；純藍山咖啡口感、香味較淡，但喝起來卻非常香醇精緻；具有貴族的品味，乃咖啡中之極品。

曼特寧咖啡(MANDELING)生產於印度尼西亞，蘇門答臘中最具代表性的咖啡；風味香、濃、苦，口味相當強，但柔順不帶酸，是印度尼西亞生產的咖啡中品質最好的一種咖啡。

麝香貓咖啡（Kopi Luwak）俗稱貓屎咖啡：產於印尼，是世界最貴咖啡的一種。印尼種植大量的咖啡作物，有種野生的叫做麝香貓的動物，最喜歡的食物就是新鮮的咖啡豆，咖啡豆通過在其體內的發酵和消化，最終成爲貓的糞便排出來。糞便就是一粒粒的咖啡豆，也成爲世界上最昂貴的糞便。由於數量非常的稀少，所以價格非常的昂貴。有的地方，小小的一杯可以賣到1000元以上。

麝香貓喜歡挑選咖啡樹中最成熟香甜、飽滿多汁的咖啡果實當作食物。而咖啡果實經過它的消化系統，被消化掉的只是果實外表的果肉，那堅硬無比的咖啡原豆隨後被麝香貓的消化系統原封不動地排出體外。這樣的消化過程，讓咖啡豆產生了無與倫比的神奇變化，風味趨於獨特，味道特別香醇，豐富圓潤的香甜口感也是其他的咖啡豆所無法比擬的。

下面來介紹一些來自不同國家及地區的咖啡種類：

哥倫比亞咖啡(COLOMBIA）：以SUPREMO最具特色，其咖啡柔軟香醇；帶微酸至中酸，其品質及香味穩定，屬中度咖啡，是用以調配綜合咖啡的上品。

巴西咖啡(SANTOS)：巴西乃世界第一的咖啡生產國，所產之咖啡，香味溫和、微酸、微苦，爲中性咖啡之代表，是調配溫和咖啡不可或缺的品種。

肯亞咖啡(KENYAAA）：肯亞咖啡是非洲高地栽培的代表性咖啡。AA代表其級數也就是最高級品，其咖啡豆肉質厚呈圓形，味濃質佳，通常採用淺焙。清晨起來喝一杯肯亞，具有醒腦的效用。

夏威夷咖啡(KONAFANCY)：屬於夏威夷西部火山所栽培的咖啡，也是美國唯一生產的咖啡品種，口感較強，香味濃，帶強酸，風味特殊。品質相當穩定，是前往夏威夷的觀光客必購土產之一。

維也納咖啡：維也納咖啡是一個名叫愛因·舒伯納的馬車伕發明的，也許是由於這個原因，今天，人們偶爾也會稱維也納咖啡爲“單頭馬車”。以濃濃的鮮奶油和巧克力的甜美風味迷倒全球人士。雪白的鮮奶油上，灑落五色繽紛七彩米，扮相非常漂亮；隔着甜甜的巧克力糖漿、冰涼的鮮奶油啜飲滾燙的熱咖啡，更是別有風味！維也納咖啡是慵懶的週末或是閒適的午後最好的伴侶，喝上一杯維也納咖啡就是爲自己創造了一個絕好的放鬆身心的機會。但是，由於含有太多糖分和脂肪，維也納咖啡並不適合於減肥者。

意大利咖啡：一般在家中沖泡意大利咖啡，是利用意大利發明的摩卡壺沖泡成的，這種咖啡壺也是利用蒸氣壓力的原理來淬取咖啡（又一個瓦特的徒弟）。摩卡壺可以使受壓的蒸氣直接通過咖啡粉，讓蒸氣瞬間穿過咖啡粉的細胞壁（還是虎克的徒弟），將咖啡的內在精華淬取出來，故而沖泡出來的咖啡具有濃郁的香味及強烈的苦味，咖啡的表面並浮現一層薄薄的咖啡油，這層油正是意大利咖啡誘人香味的來源。

土耳其咖啡：至今仍採用原始煮法，複雜的工藝帶着幾許異國情調的神祕色彩。可以窺視到奧斯曼帝國盛極一時的風采。

愛爾蘭咖啡：名字裏就帶着一陣威士忌濃烈的薰香，愛爾蘭人視威士忌如生命，也少不了在咖啡中做些手腳！以威士忌調成的愛爾蘭咖啡，更能將咖啡的酸甜味道襯托出來。一絲成熟的憂鬱…… 小心，咖啡喝多了也會醉！

皇家咖啡：這一道極品可是由一位能徵貫戰的皇帝發明的，他就是法蘭西帝國的皇帝拿破崙！他可不喜歡奶味，他喜歡的是法國的驕傲——白蘭地！藍色的火焰舞起白蘭地的芳醇與方糖的焦香，再合上濃濃的咖啡香，苦澀中略帶甘甜……法國的高傲，法國的浪漫。

前街咖啡已可在Tmall選購，60種來自世界各地咖啡豆，新鮮烘焙 24H發貨。

Tmall link：https://qianjieshipin.tmall.com

或直接在淘寶搜尋「前街旗艦店」

關注WECHAT公衆號，閱讀更多精品咖啡豆知識

2017-05-08 14:37:34 責任編輯：中國咖啡網

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content	'<img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/190211/19-1Z21111321C92.jpg" /><br /> <br /> <h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; border-bottom-color: rgb(80, 193, 233); border-width: 0px 0px 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; position: relative; padding: 0px 0px 0px 28px; margin: 0px 0px 0.8em; outline: invert none 0px; width: auto; zoom: 1; font-weight: normal; font-size: 19px; line-height: 30px; font-family: \'ヒラギノ角ゴ Pro W3\', \'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro\', メイリオ, Meiryo, \'ＭＳＰゴシック\', sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); vertical-align: baseline; font-stretch: inherit;"> <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: invert none 0px; zoom: 1; font-size: 16px;"><font style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: invert none 0px; zoom: 1; vertical-align: inherit;">專業咖啡知識交流更多咖啡豆資訊請關注咖啡工房（微信公衆號cafe_style ）</font></span></h2> <ul style="padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-position: outside; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline: invert none 0px; zoom: 1; vertical-align: baseline; font-stretch: inherit;"> <li style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; line-height: 18px; list-style-type: none; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 12px; outline: invert none 0px; zoom: 1; font-size: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; list-style-image: none; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; background: url("https://coffeemecca.jp/wp-content/themes/coffee/images/coffeelist.png") 4px 3px / 0.8em no-repeat;"> <strong><span style="font-size: 16px;">　</span></strong><span style="font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; background-color: initial;">此文將以基礎的咖啡萃取理論，以及品嚐到”過度萃取”、”萃取不足”以及”理想萃取”三種情況的咖啡作連結。</span> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　萃取可說是咖啡衝煮中最重要卻最不爲了解的部分，萃取代表一切。如果不萃取甚至無法獲得一杯咖啡，以下是最簡單但不是百分之百準確的說法：</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　萃取就是用水將咖啡的物質帶出來</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　要用談的都很容易，但是要融會貫通和應用卻難得多。</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　先不在這裏深入討論萃取時咖啡油脂及微量成分的影響，先討論較實用及貼切的資訊，像是如何品嚐萃取的咖啡並且做到熟練，至於化學分析這類的以後再說。</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　將咖啡與水混合時會發生不少事，最容易理解的說法，就是水溶解出許多咖啡的味道，這些溶解出來的味道幾乎就是你在咖啡杯中喝到的風味。只有研磨到非常細的咖啡粉纔會影響口感，但在萃取時不考慮細粉，因爲細粉在萃取時只是漂浮在水中。</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　烘焙咖啡豆有約28%重量的物質，可被水溶解，這代表可以萃取咖啡豆約28%的物質到水中。其餘的物質幾乎都是咖啡豆的纖維及種子的組織。水是可溶性物質很好的媒介，但是還是需要一些外力的幫助，如果將完整的咖啡豆丟入熱水，萃取出的物質比粉少得多，因爲咖啡豆的結構非常密集和複雜，水無法穿過完整咖啡豆並溶解味道。所以我們必須增加咖啡豆的表面積，必須”打開它”好讓水能帶出咖啡的味道。透過使用磨豆機可以輕鬆萃取，將咖啡豆磨成粉狀，增加表面積使水能夠發揮效用。</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　理想狀況下，我們將咖啡磨到非常細的狀態，丟入水中並溶解出美好的風味。可惜若這樣做，這就是一杯很苦很難喝的咖啡。並非所有的咖啡風味都是好的，所以我們必須控制萃取風味的數量，才得以衝煮出一杯美味的咖啡。</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　同樣的我們不能磨很多咖啡豆並萃取一點點，爲了避免這些過度萃取的風味，萃取不足的咖啡喝起來一樣很可怕(有時比過度萃取還難喝)。多數人瞭解萃取就像是雙向道路，而我們總是試着在這條路找到平衡點，避免過萃或萃取不足的情形。</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　一、萃取不足的咖啡</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　萃取不足是指水帶出的咖啡粉物質不夠多，咖啡粉還有許多殘留的物質，可以增加這杯萃取不足咖啡的風味。想像一杯萃取時間太短的濃縮咖啡，也就是精品義式濃縮ristretto，有臭酸味、缺乏甜味、奇怪的鹹味以及讓人失望的短餘韻。這四個特徵是萃取不足的明顯跡象，讓我們再來仔細看萃取不足的現象。</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　刺酸味</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　咖啡的刺酸味很棘手，尤其是期望得到咖啡的酸質時。有許多人問作者”酸味sourness跟酸質acidity不是一樣嗎？”，這是個好問題；許多語言表達酸味跟酸質是一樣的用詞，你可以想像當說不同語言的人在一起杯測時，會有多困難。</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　爲了澄清這部分，會定義刺酸味爲負面的味道。舌頭會很快並強烈地感受到酸味，這會造成立即的生理反應，你可能會皺起嘴脣，或是在舌頭兩側有觸電、尖銳的感受。刺酸味會令人不舒服而且破壞了你的味覺，且不會是你想要的味道。</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　當談到酸質時，它可以是好或壞，比起用好壞來形容，酸質更像是風味的一種。例如：”咖啡的酸質令人愉悅”，或是”這咖啡的酸質強度很高”都很合邏輯。酸質跟酸味/果汁感/酸質明亮/刺激的酸這些都可做連結，可以專門寫一篇酸質的文章，但此文是探討萃取。迴歸正題。</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　缺乏甜味</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　以作者的觀點，咖啡風味最重要的就是甜味。甜味是最棒的。你曾經聽過有人這樣抱怨嗎？”這濃縮咖啡太甜了！”。讓我們想想，我很相信我們應該都是在追求咖啡的甜味。甜味就如非常難找到的聖盃般，而一旦尋求到了就會有驚人的報償！萃取不足是不會有甜味，且相距甚遠。萃取不足會顯示出喝完咖啡後的不滿足，讓人有我想要更多咖啡那種空虛感。值得一提的是，欠缺甜味這件事的，反而可以凸顯出咖啡豆的刺酸味，讓人更明顯感受到萃取的不足。</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　鹹味</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　目前並非所有人都同意作者的觀點，但這部分必須堅持說，萃取不足的咖啡會是鹹的。這並不像是”抱歉我加了鹽到咖啡裏”那種鹹，而是萃取不足的咖啡，幾乎都會有嚐到鹹味時的那種口感。以觸覺感受來看，就像是接觸到礆性食物那種滑溜感(拜託不要喝阿摩尼亞來感受這個味道，相信我)。</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　#科學小講堂-酸味及鹹味比甜味更容易溶解出來，這也是爲什麼萃取不足的咖啡會有酸味及鹹味，甜味的物質沒有足夠時間或機會來完全溶解出來。</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　餘韻短</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　良好萃取的咖啡的餘韻可延續好幾分鐘(甚至幸運可到幾小時)，這個餘韻可以想像有人放了塊紅糖在你舌頭上，或是想像你剛喫完一塊美味好喫的太妃糖。</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　而萃取不足的咖啡沒有這種餘韻。當你吞下咖啡時，風味也隨之消散。你口中不會殘留任何令人愉悅的感受，這讓你體驗這杯咖啡讓你感受短暫且不滿意的口感，難喝又不美味。</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　還有其他不佳感受代表萃取不足，但上面這四個項目是較明顯且確定的。不管什麼時候喝到這些特性，都可以確定你喝到的是萃取不足的咖啡。</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　接下來我們來看萃取不足的另一個極端。</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　二、過度萃取的咖啡</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　過萃的咖啡代表將咖啡中太多的可溶性物質帶出來，這種萃取結果帶來的是不好的風味。</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　想像一杯萃取時間達40-50秒的精品義式濃縮咖啡，不要假裝你沒有喝過這種過萃的咖啡。這樣的咖啡會很苦、乾燥感且空洞，這是代表過度萃取咖啡最明顯的三個特徵，讓我們再來看看這些特徵。</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　苦味</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　我們都喝過很苦的咖啡。過度萃取的咖啡真的很苦，除非我在喝金巴利苦酒，不然我不想喝到這麼苦的味道。許多的苦味來自咖啡因，但苦味也跟許多其他化學作用有關係。深焙的咖啡會達到焦炭化狀態，而形成更多苦味的化學物質。</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　#科學小講堂 – 有成千上萬的化學物質(絕大多是是毒物)會觸發我們味蕾的苦味訊號，警告我們的身體不要喫這個東西。</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　乾澀感</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　在咖啡中喝到感覺乾澀的咖啡是非常不舒服的，因爲乾澀感是很強烈且會持續很久的感覺。這種感覺稱爲澀味，就如你喝到不加糖的紅茶、新釀葡萄酒、釀過頭的白葡萄酒一樣。在酒中的澀感是來自多酚效應：這是很容易在植物、種子與樹皮發現的化學物質，而這也可能是造成咖啡喝起來有乾燥感的化學物質。</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　多酚是苦的且會跟你唾液的蛋白質結合，以一般人懂得話來說，就是多酚會吸乾你的舌頭，在口中產生沙沙的或是乾燥的感覺(這不應該與葡萄酒中的”脆”與”乾”混淆，這些形容詞表示鮮明的酸質或是低甜味，不一定是表示口感)</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　空洞感</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　作者喜歡用空洞來形容過度萃取的咖啡，咖啡感覺就是空虛且沒有生命，就像是萃取時把咖啡中的光亮抽離，過程中扼殺了美好的物質。良好萃取的咖啡會讓你喝到濃郁感，是美味、滑順且讓人垂涎三尺的。而過度萃取的咖啡就是空洞、粗糙、讓人厭惡的平淡無味。正是這種缺乏風味和特性的咖啡(此特性並非指風味的特性)，讓作者用空洞一詞形容。</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　這些是過度萃取風味的味道特徵，當然還有更多形容詞，但這些是最容易辨認，這也提醒你不要衝出過度萃取的咖啡。</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　這些空洞風味最重要的，就是它們很常見，可以從世上最高貴的瑰夏咖啡中萃取出有空洞感的咖啡，也可以從次等的難喝咖啡中萃取出這樣的特性。這些風味並不討喜，大部分看此文的人都是追求精品咖啡，代表我們試着爲消費者創造特別的咖啡，這樣消費者會願意花更多錢品嚐，而萃取不足這種誤失就是那麼突兀。</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　現在來看好料的，達到甜蜜點、美味的好咖啡。</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　三、良好萃取的咖啡</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　良好萃取的咖啡有些可遇不可求，大家投注許多功夫來平衡無以計數的變因，只爲創造一杯美好風味的咖啡，而我們必須知道這樣的咖啡喝起來怎麼樣。</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　想像你喝過最好喝的咖啡，就是甜美及成熟的風味！澄澈的風味就像透明一般。酸質平衡並且帶來正面感受，如果你夠幸運，酸質還會很豐富，而且餘韻綿長。這是讓大家趨之若鶩的咖啡，而你會想更瞭解它的咖啡。</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　甜美與成熟</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　作者花了無數的時間，不厭其煩地從咖啡中理出更多咖啡最成熟的風味。</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　想像李子或類似的核果類水果成熟時，一開始會擁有豐富及強烈的酸質，接着越成熟會越來越甜，水果的糖分發展且變得更濃郁、厚重、甚至膩口。然後達到一個點，就像你拿着水果湊近鼻子聞到的甜香。這就是你會想從咖啡喝到的甜美與成熟風味，如果你從沒喝過這樣的咖啡，你可能會很容易就被滿足。</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　澄澈與透明感</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　描述咖啡處理法爲：”從咖啡之窗窺視咖啡”，而作者喜歡將這句話延伸爲”想像萃取與烘焙爲咖啡之窗的其他窗格"，如果你杯中的咖啡是過度萃取或萃取不足的咖啡，你會很難”看”到咖啡實際風味。常見的萃取失誤會讓你分心，並且會白費你品嚐的咖啡在前端處理時的苦心。</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　酸質</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　細緻、豐富與鮮明的酸質，是咖啡背後最重要的元素。酸質讓人陶醉卻也會讓人幻想到泄氣，當你喝咖啡時，酸質讓你聯想到特定水果甚至是葡萄酒。如果這個酸質可以被清楚定義，你可以專注在回想上次你喫到這種水果的感受。</div> <div> 　　</div> <div> 　　以上就是咖啡萃取及風味的好、壞或更差，期望現在你可以注意這些平常你喝的咖啡，並能夠連結到不同萃取結果的咖啡特性。</div> </li> </ul> '
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meta_description	'專業咖啡知識交流更多咖啡豆資訊請關注咖啡工房（微信公衆號cafe_style ）此文將以基礎的咖啡萃取理論，以及品嚐到過度萃取、萃取不足以及理想萃取三種情況的咖啡作連結。萃取可說是咖啡衝煮中最重要卻最不爲了解的部分，萃取代表一切。如果不萃取甚至無'
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'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '48', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '4', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '665', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-fangdankafei.html', 'total' => 48, 'field' => array ( ), ), 666 => array ( 'id' => '666', 'pid' => '4', 'pids' => '0,4', 'name' => '馥芮白', 'dirname' => 'furuibai', 'pdirname' => 'kafeizhishi/', 'child' => 0, 'childids' => 666, 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '馥芮白_星巴克馥芮白_Flat White', 'list_keywords' => '', 'list_description' => 'Flat White 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=> 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '摩卡咖啡_花式摩卡咖啡_Mocha_摩卡咖啡壺', 'list_keywords' => '', 'list_description' => '大家一定常常聽到摩卡咖啡，但是一般人都是認爲摩卡就是咖啡 + 牛奶 +巧克力但實際上，最正統的摩卡咖啡並不是如此喔 ^^什麼是摩卡（Mocha）咖啡？', ), 'template' => array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '67', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '4', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '668', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-mokakafei.html', 'total' => 67, 'field' => array ( ), ), 669 => array ( 'id' => '669', 'pid' => '4', 'pids' => '0,4', 'name' => '花式咖啡', 'dirname' => 'huashikafei', 'pdirname' => 'kafeizhishi/', 'child' 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'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '4', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '670', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-aierlankafei.html', 'total' => 14, 'field' => array ( ), ), 671 => array ( 'id' => '671', 'pid' => '4', 'pids' => '0,4', 'name' => '炭燒咖啡', 'dirname' => 'tanshaokafei', 'pdirname' => 'kafeizhishi/', 'child' => 0, 'childids' => 671, 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '炭燒咖啡_碳燒咖啡_藍山炭燒咖啡多少錢', 'list_keywords' => '', 'list_description' => '碳燒咖啡，又名苦咖啡，是指烘焙咖啡的火源是用碳火，有時還採用特殊木材作爲燃料，碳燒咖啡的起源是據說是日本所研發的口味，用碳火所烘烤出來的咖啡豆會帶有木香味，而不是碳燒味。而純粹的重焙造就了這種碳燒咖啡獨特的口味，其香味特殊，甘，醇，濃郁，極苦。', ), 'template' => array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' 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array ( 'pagesize' => 20, 'mpagesize' => 20, 'page' => 'page.html', 'list' => 'list.html', 'category' => 'category.html', 'search' => 'search.html', 'show' => 'show.html', ), 'cat_field' => '', 'module_field' => '', 'html' => 0, ), 'displayorder' => '0', 'acount' => '40', 'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html', 'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html', 'mid' => 'article', 'pcatpost' => 1, 'topid' => '4', 'domain' => '', 'catids' => array ( 0 => '672', ), 'is_post' => 1, 'mobile_domain' => '', 'tid' => 1, 'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-lingcuikafei.html', 'total' => 40, 'field' => array ( ), ), 673 => array ( 'id' => '673', 'pid' => '4', 'pids' => '0,4', 'name' => '咖啡培訓', 'dirname' => 'kafeipeixun', 'pdirname' => 'kafeizhishi/', 'child' => 0, 'childids' => 673, 'thumb' => '', 'show' => '1', 'setting' => array ( 'edit' => 1, 'disabled' => 0, 'getchild' => 1, 'linkurl' => '', 'urlrule' => 3, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => '咖啡培訓_咖啡師培訓_咖啡學院_最好的咖啡學校', 'list_keywords' => 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urlrule	'/views-129746-[page].html'
fix_html_now_url	''
my_web_url	'https://bak.gafei.com/views-129746'
get	array ( 's' => 'article', 'c' => 'show', 'id' => '129746', 'm' => 'index', )

Files ( 149 )

App.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/App.php
Autoload.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Autoload.php
Cache.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Cache.php
Cache.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Cache.php
CodeIgniter.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/CodeIgniter.php
Constants.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Constants.php
Content.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Model/Content.php
ContentSecurityPolicy.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/ContentSecurityPolicy.php
Cookie.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Cookie.php
Database.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Database.php
Date.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Date.php
Exceptions.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Exceptions.php
Exceptions.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/Exceptions.php
Field.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Field.php
File.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Field/File.php
Filters.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Filters.php
Helper.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Helper.php
Hooks.php	FCPATH/App/Bdts/Config/Hooks.php
Hooks.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Hooks.php
Init.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Init.php
Input.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Input.php
Kint.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Kint.php
Lang.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Lang.php
Logger.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Logger.php
Member.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Model/Member.php
Model.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Model.php
Module.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/Home/Module.php
Modules.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Modules.php
Paths.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Paths.php
Phpcmf.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Phpcmf.php
Request.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/Request.php
Router.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Router.php
Router.php	FCPATH/My/Library/Router.php
Routes.php	APPPATH/Config/Routes.php
Routes.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Routes.php
Security.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Security.php
Seo.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Seo.php
Service.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Service.php
Services.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Services.php
Show.php	APPPATH/Controllers/Show.php
Text.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Text.php
Textarea.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Textarea.php
Toolbar.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/Toolbar.php
Ueditor.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Ueditor.php
UserAgents.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/UserAgents.php
Version.php	FCPATH/My/Config/Version.php
View.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Config/View.php
View.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Core/View.php
View.php	FCPATH/Fcms/Extend/View.php
_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_new_recommend_1.htm.cache.php	/data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/template/_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_new_recommend_1.htm.cache.php
_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_new_recommend_2.htm.cache.php	/data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/template/_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_new_recommend_2.htm.cache.php
_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_show.html.cache.php	/data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/template/_data_web_hk.gafei.com_xunruicms_template_pc_hk_gafei_home_show.html.cache.php
cache.php	/data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/cache.php
custom.php	/data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/custom.php
database.php	/data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/database.php
domain_app.php	/data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/domain_app.php
domain_client.php	/data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/domain_client.php
hooks.php	/data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/hooks.php
index.php	/data/web/hk.gafei.com/hk/index.php
lang.php	/data/web/hk.gafei.com/hk/api/language/zh-cn/lang.php
memcached.php	/data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/memcached.php
redis.php	/data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/redis.php
rewrite.php	/data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/config/rewrite.php
site.php	/data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/site.php
system.php	/data/web/hk.gafei.com/xunruicms/cache/config/system.php
AutoloadConfig.php	SYSTEMPATH/Config/AutoloadConfig.php
Autoloader.php	SYSTEMPATH/Autoloader/Autoloader.php
BaseBuilder.php	SYSTEMPATH/Database/BaseBuilder.php
BaseCollector.php	SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/BaseCollector.php
BaseConfig.php	SYSTEMPATH/Config/BaseConfig.php
BaseConnection.php	SYSTEMPATH/Database/BaseConnection.php
BaseHandler.php	SYSTEMPATH/Cache/Handlers/BaseHandler.php
BaseResult.php	SYSTEMPATH/Database/BaseResult.php
BaseService.php	SYSTEMPATH/Config/BaseService.php
Builder.php	SYSTEMPATH/Database/MySQLi/Builder.php
CacheFactory.php	SYSTEMPATH/Cache/CacheFactory.php
CacheInterface.php	SYSTEMPATH/Cache/CacheInterface.php
CliRenderer.php	SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/CliRenderer.php
CloneableCookieInterface.php	SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/CloneableCookieInterface.php
CodeIgniter.php	SYSTEMPATH/CodeIgniter.php
Common.php	SYSTEMPATH/Common.php
Config.php	SYSTEMPATH/Config/Config.php
Config.php	SYSTEMPATH/Database/Config.php
Connection.php	SYSTEMPATH/Database/MySQLi/Connection.php
ConnectionInterface.php	SYSTEMPATH/Database/ConnectionInterface.php
ContentSecurityPolicy.php	SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/ContentSecurityPolicy.php
Controller.php	SYSTEMPATH/Controller.php
Cookie.php	SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/Cookie.php
CookieInterface.php	SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/CookieInterface.php
CookieStore.php	SYSTEMPATH/Cookie/CookieStore.php
Database.php	SYSTEMPATH/Database/Database.php
Database.php	SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Database.php
DebugToolbar.php	SYSTEMPATH/Filters/DebugToolbar.php
DotEnv.php	SYSTEMPATH/Config/DotEnv.php
Escaper.php	SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Escaper/Escaper.php
Events.php	SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Events.php
Events.php	SYSTEMPATH/Events/Events.php
Exceptions.php	SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Exceptions.php
Factories.php	SYSTEMPATH/Config/Factories.php
Factory.php	SYSTEMPATH/Config/Factory.php
FileLocator.php	SYSTEMPATH/Autoloader/FileLocator.php
Files.php	SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Files.php
FilterInterface.php	SYSTEMPATH/Filters/FilterInterface.php
Filters.php	SYSTEMPATH/Filters/Filters.php
Header.php	SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Header.php
IncomingRequest.php	SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/IncomingRequest.php
Kint.php	SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Kint.php
Logger.php	SYSTEMPATH/Log/Logger.php
LoggerInterface.php	SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/PSR/Log/LoggerInterface.php
Logs.php	SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Logs.php
Message.php	SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Message.php
MessageInterface.php	SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/MessageInterface.php
MessageTrait.php	SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/MessageTrait.php
Modules.php	SYSTEMPATH/Modules/Modules.php
Query.php	SYSTEMPATH/Database/Query.php
QueryInterface.php	SYSTEMPATH/Database/QueryInterface.php
RedisHandler.php	SYSTEMPATH/Cache/Handlers/RedisHandler.php
Renderer.php	SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/Renderer.php
RendererInterface.php	SYSTEMPATH/View/RendererInterface.php
Request.php	SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Request.php
RequestInterface.php	SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/RequestInterface.php
RequestTrait.php	SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/RequestTrait.php
Response.php	SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/Response.php
ResponseInterface.php	SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/ResponseInterface.php
ResponseTrait.php	SYSTEMPATH/API/ResponseTrait.php
ResponseTrait.php	SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/ResponseTrait.php
Result.php	SYSTEMPATH/Database/MySQLi/Result.php
ResultInterface.php	SYSTEMPATH/Database/ResultInterface.php
RichRenderer.php	SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/RichRenderer.php
RouteCollection.php	SYSTEMPATH/Router/RouteCollection.php
RouteCollectionInterface.php	SYSTEMPATH/Router/RouteCollectionInterface.php
Router.php	SYSTEMPATH/Router/Router.php
RouterInterface.php	SYSTEMPATH/Router/RouterInterface.php
Routes.php	SYSTEMPATH/Config/Routes.php
Routes.php	SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Routes.php
Services.php	SYSTEMPATH/Config/Services.php
TextRenderer.php	SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/TextRenderer.php
Timer.php	SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Timer.php
Timers.php	SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Timers.php
Toolbar.php	SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar.php
URI.php	SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/URI.php
UserAgent.php	SYSTEMPATH/HTTP/UserAgent.php
Utils.php	SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/Utils.php
View.php	SYSTEMPATH/Config/View.php
View.php	SYSTEMPATH/View/View.php
Views.php	SYSTEMPATH/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Views.php
init.php	SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/init.php
init_helpers.php	SYSTEMPATH/ThirdParty/Kint/init_helpers.php
url_helper.php	SYSTEMPATH/Helpers/url_helper.php

Routes

Matched Route

Directory:
Controller:	\Phpcmf\Controllers\Show
Method:	index
Params:	0 / 0

Defined Routes

Method	Route	Handler
GET	/	\Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index
HEAD	/	\Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index
POST	/	\Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index
PUT	/	\Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index
DELETE	/	\Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index
OPTIONS	/	\Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index
TRACE	/	\Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index
CONNECT	/	\Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index
CLI	migrations/([^/]+)/([^/]+)	\CodeIgniter\Commands\MigrationsCommand::$1/$2
CLI	migrations/([^/]+)	\CodeIgniter\Commands\MigrationsCommand::$1
CLI	migrations	\CodeIgniter\Commands\MigrationsCommand::index
CLI	ci(.*)	\CodeIgniter\CLI\CommandRunner::index/$1
CLI	/	\Phpcmf\Controllers\Show::index

Events

Time	Event Name	Times Called
6.10 ms	pre_system	1
0.08 ms	dbquery	9

History

Datetime	Status	Method	URL	Content-Type	Is AJAX?
2025-06-21 10:35:12	200	GET	https://cl1.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-06-21 10:35:11	200	GET	https://cl1.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-06-21 10:35:09	200	GET	https://cl1.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-06-21 10:35:08	200	GET	https://bak.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-06-21 10:35:07	200	GET	https://252fm.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-06-21 10:35:06	200	GET	https://ggdxh360.www.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-06-21 10:35:05	200	GET	https://cno.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-06-21 10:35:04	200	GET	https://cl1.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-06-21 10:35:02	200	GET	https://cl1.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-06-21 10:35:01	200	GET	https://makecoffee.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-06-21 10:35:00	200	GET	https://ggdxh360.www.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-06-21 10:34:59	200	GET	https://cl1.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-06-21 10:34:58	200	GET	https://ggdxh360.www.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-06-21 10:34:57	200	GET	https://ggdxh360.www.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-06-21 10:34:56	200	GET	https://bestcoffee.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-06-21 10:34:55	200	GET	https://197.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-06-21 10:34:54	200	GET	https://bb.ccc.dddd.test.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-06-21 10:34:52	200	GET	https://gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-06-21 10:34:51	200	GET	https://ggdxh360.www.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No
2025-06-21 10:34:50	200	GET	https://cdn.gafei.com/index.php/	text/html; charset=UTF-8	No

View Data

Session User Data

Session doesn't seem to be active.

Request ( HTTPS/1.1 )

$_GET

s	article
c	show
id	129746
m	index

Headers

User-Agent	Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; SemrushBot/7~bl; +http://www.semrush.com/bot.html)
Connection	close
Accept-Encoding	gzip,deflate
Accept	text/html, application/rss+xml, application/atom+xml, text/xml, text/rss+xml, application/xhtml+xml
Host	bak.gafei.com

Response ( 200 - OK )

Headers

User-Agent	Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; SemrushBot/7~bl; +http://www.semrush.com/bot.html)
Connection	close
Accept-Encoding	gzip,deflate
Accept	text/html, application/rss+xml, application/atom+xml, text/xml, text/rss+xml, application/xhtml+xml
Host	bak.gafei.com

System Configuration

Read the CodeIgniter docs...

CodeIgniter Version:	4.1.4
PHP Version:	8.0.25
PHP SAPI:	fpm-fcgi
Environment:	development
Base URL:	https://bak.gafei.com/
Timezone:	PRC
Locale:	en
Content Security Policy Enabled:	No