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'<p>
越南邦美蜀(Buon Me Thuot),初聞此地名頗陌生,抱持好奇、探索情懷走一趟,香醇迷人的咖啡香、少數民族的人文特色,咖啡與人文融合的獨特風情,寫下我的邦美蜀印象。</p>
<p>
◎高原美境咖啡首都</p>
<p>
炎熱夏季將臨之際來到越南達樂省(Dak Lak)的省會邦美蜀,雖說此地位於海拔數百公尺的高原上,但仍明顯感受到驕陽熱度及空氣中悶溼氣息,市區川流往來的熱絡人潮、車潮,打破心中原以爲這裏是個盛產咖啡的寧靜小城鎮的臆想,街邊散佈林立的小喫攤販、咖啡店路旁座椅上優閒品嚐咖啡的人們,在地人文、生活的真實寫照,貼近感受在地民居生活,市區內散佈的新建星級飯店、寬廣街道等,增添現代化市容景觀,也是邦美蜀近些年來市區發展、建設的印證。</p>
<p>
邦美蜀的咖啡享譽盛名,也常被譽稱爲「咖啡首都」,主要是因這裏的氣候、土壤適合栽種咖啡豆,咖啡豆品質在越南名列前矛,如珍貴稀有且價格昂貴的麝香貓咖啡(Weasel Coffee)也是產自這裏,讓邦美蜀的咖啡名氣不脛而走。此外,邦美蜀所在的達樂省是越南其中一個農產區,主要物產有咖啡、橡膠、香蕉等,其中又以咖啡產量佔最大宗,是越南主要的咖啡產區之一,也因此,這裏遍佈衆多咖啡園與咖啡工廠,如越南最知名的咖啡品牌─中原咖啡(Trung Nguyen)的總部也位於此。據悉,目前越南是全球第二大咖啡出口國,僅次於巴西,所出口的咖啡以Robusta品種的咖啡豆爲大宗,而Robusta品種咖啡豆大多產自於達樂省。</p>
<p>
盛產咖啡之外,達樂省與鄰近的幾個省,是越南主要的少數民族聚居區,約有40餘個少數民族部落居住在此,如E De族、Ma Nong族、Ma族等,衆多具民族特色的高腳屋以及少數民族部落的生活、文化風俗,也成爲這裏獨特的人文景觀,同時也爲達樂省、邦美蜀在咖啡香之外,注入人文氣息,還展現咖啡結合人文的獨特韻味。</p>
<p>
越南咖啡香醇滴漏</p>
<p>
越南的咖啡文化淵源於法國殖民時代的文化影響,在越南,街邊路旁不時可看到咖啡店林立,以及優閒喝咖啡的人們。邦美蜀以咖啡聞名,咖啡店數量衆多自是不在話下,當地導遊即笑說:如果一天一家咖啡店喝咖啡,大約要1年以上的時間,纔可能喝遍邦美蜀所有的咖啡店!</p>
<p>
越南咖啡與一般咖啡也有所不同,傳統的越南咖啡品酌方式是咖啡加煉乳,攪拌後喝來味道香濃且口感甜,也因咖啡豆大多有加入奶油烘焙而成,聞來有着濃郁奶香味與焦香味,咖啡口感也較醇厚,較偏向於「重口味」咖啡。</p>
<p>
味道獨特之外,咖啡沖泡方式也不同。越南咖啡沖泡時,將一滴漏壺放置在已加入煉乳的杯子的上方,咖啡粉放至滴漏壺中,然後注入熱水,數秒鐘後咖啡開始滴漏,幾分鐘後一杯香醇咖啡隨即完成,喝時將咖啡與煉乳攪拌均勻,就是道地的越南咖啡!如果是喝冰咖啡,將攪拌均勻的咖啡與煉乳,倒入裝有冰塊的杯中,若是喝熱咖啡,可直接品嚐,或是加入適當熱水加以稀釋。就自己品嚐經驗,加熱水稀釋,咖啡味道不過於濃郁,喝來較順口,另外,若覺煉乳味道過甜,也可將煉乳份量減少,或是不加煉乳,品嚐原味黑咖啡。</p>
<p>
少數民族人文風情</p>
<p>
達樂省是越南的少數民族聚居區,最具代表性的建築就是他們所居住的高腳屋,遍佈在達樂省與邦美蜀境內。這些極具民族特色的房舍建築,有着人字型傾斜屋頂,整體房舍建築架高距離地面一段距離。當地導遊表示,屋底下空間也可加以運用飼養家禽、家畜,除此功能之外,若有危險、具攻擊性的野獸出現,會先獵捕屋底下的家禽並且發出響聲,屋內居民就能有所警惕,或是離開房舍以避開危險。</p>
<p>
由於高腳屋離地面有段距離,進、出房舍需靠階梯,因此屋前置有階梯。走訪邦美蜀的少數民族村落Ako Dhong村落時,看見酋長住家前的階梯上,有着女性胸部特徵的裝飾,忍不住好奇詢問,導遊笑着解釋說:少數民族部落多是母系社會,對女性相當尊重,階梯上的裝飾蘊含尊重之意,此外,當客人進、出房舍上、下階梯時,會觸摸到此「裝飾」,亦是表示屋主對客人的禮遇及尊重之意。所以說囉,大家看了可別有「不純」遐想喔!</p>
<p>
高腳屋還有一特色就是房舍建築多是長形,屋內是一大家子的所有成員都住在一起。房舍側面牆上有多個窗口,據說若窗戶是打開,意味住在此間房的閨女未婚;反之,則表示已婚。聞畢莞爾覺得:還真是簡易的身分識別法呢!</p>
<p>
自然景觀騎象觀瀑</p>
<p>
從邦美蜀往西北方車行來到邦屯(Ban Don)村落,這裏是著名的大象生長之地,長久一來也以捕象和訓練大象而聞名。邦屯的少數民族語意是「島上村」,地理位置上鄰近柬埔寨及寮國邊境,還有越南規模最大的國家公園─Yok Don國家公園,豐富的自然景觀與環境,造就這裏成爲衆多動、植物的棲息生長之地,大象即是其中之一。據悉,往昔邦屯村落的村民,生活方式多是以物易物,由於大象經濟價值高,遂成爲居民喜好獵捕的動物之一,邦屯也成爲大象交易中心。</p>
<p>
獵捕大象之外,這裏也是著名的大象訓練之地,且培育衆多優秀的馴象師,當地最負盛名的獵象王,一生中所訓練的大象超過400只,參觀其房舍可見衆多獵象的工具。當地導遊表示,獵象多是獵捕3~5歲的幼象,獵後先讓幼象餓幾天,之後再喂其食物並和它慢慢培養情感。他接着表示,由於大象遭獵捕數量逐漸減少,至今野生的大象數量約少於60只,爲保護大象瀕臨絕種,政府有關單位在1997年起即禁止獵捕大象。</p>
<p>
目前在邦屯地區可騎乘大象在村中及叢林漫步,在象背上搖搖晃晃的居高瀏覽叢林綠意,間或遮掩在樹叢中的少數民族高腳屋,還有在地民居生活,別有一番樂趣。當大象跨越河流時,坐在象背上看着河水在腳下川流而過,哇!頗具冒險刺激感。</p>
<p>
鄰近邦屯的Dray Nur瀑布亦是頗受歡迎的景點,長約250公尺,高約30公尺的Dray Nur瀑布,流奔而下氣勢磅礡,導遊表示,7、8月期間水量最豐沛,瀑布景觀、氣勢更壯觀,在前方觀賞,甚至有點像是海嘯來襲的氣勢!</p>
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'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html',
'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html',
'mid' => 'article',
'pcatpost' => 1,
'topid' => '1',
'domain' => '',
'catids' =>
array (
0 => '319',
),
'is_post' => 1,
'mobile_domain' => '',
'tid' => 1,
'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-kafeibisaixinwen.html',
'total' => 40,
'field' =>
array (
),
),
320 =>
array (
'id' => '320',
'pid' => '2',
'pids' => '0,1,2',
'name' => '外國咖啡',
'dirname' => 'zixun/waiguokafeixinxi',
'pdirname' => 'kafeixinwen/zixun/',
'child' => 0,
'childids' => 320,
'thumb' => '',
'show' => '1',
'setting' =>
array (
'edit' => 1,
'disabled' => 0,
'getchild' => 1,
'linkurl' => '',
'urlrule' => 3,
'seo' =>
array (
'list_title' => '[第{page}頁{join}]{catpname}{join}{modname}{join}{SITE_NAME}',
'list_keywords' => '',
'list_description' => '',
),
'template' =>
array (
'pagesize' => 20,
'mpagesize' => 20,
'page' => 'page.html',
'list' => 'list.html',
'category' => 'category.html',
'search' => 'search.html',
'show' => 'show.html',
),
'cat_field' => '',
'module_field' => '',
'html' => 0,
),
'displayorder' => '0',
'acount' => '13',
'namerule' => '{typedir}/{Y}/{M}{D}/{aid}.html',
'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html',
'mid' => 'article',
'pcatpost' => 1,
'topid' => '1',
'domain' => '',
'catids' =>
array (
0 => '320',
),
'is_post' => 1,
'mobile_domain' => '',
'tid' => 1,
'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-zixun/waiguokafeixinxi.html',
'total' => 13,
'field' =>
array (
),
),
323 =>
array (
'id' => '323',
'pid' => '2',
'pids' => '0,1,2',
'name' => '7月資訊',
'dirname' => '7yuezixun',
'pdirname' => 'kafeixinwen/zixun/',
'child' => 0,
'childids' => 323,
'thumb' => '',
'show' => '1',
'setting' =>
array (
'edit' => 1,
'disabled' => 0,
'getchild' => 1,
'linkurl' => '',
'urlrule' => 3,
'seo' =>
array (
'list_title' => '[第{page}頁{join}]{catpname}{join}{modname}{join}{SITE_NAME}',
'list_keywords' => '',
'list_description' => '',
),
'template' =>
array (
'pagesize' => 20,
'mpagesize' => 20,
'page' => 'page.html',
'list' => 'list.html',
'category' => 'category.html',
'search' => 'search.html',
'show' => 'show.html',
),
'cat_field' => '',
'module_field' => '',
'html' => 0,
),
'displayorder' => '0',
'acount' => '1',
'namerule' => '{typedir}{Y}{M}{D}{aid}.html',
'namerule2' => '{typedir}/list_{tid}_{page}.html',
'mid' => 'article',
'pcatpost' => 1,
'topid' => '1',
'domain' => '',
'catids' =>
array (
0 => '323',
),
'is_post' => 1,
'mobile_domain' => '',
'tid' => 1,
'url' => 'https://gafei.com/list-7yuezixun.html',
'total' => 1,
'field' =>
array (
),
),
) |
urlrule |
'/views-4694-[page].html' |
fix_html_now_url |
'' |
my_web_url |
'https://cno.gafei.com/views-4694' |
get |
array (
's' => 'article',
'c' => 'show',
'id' => '4694',
'm' => 'index',
) |